Personal Changes Influencing Collegial Change

17 necessary skills and resources. Based on Hisrich 2005 as well, the foundation of the definition is that entrepreneurship is the process of creating something new with value by devoting the necessary time and effort, assuming the accompanying financial, psychic, and social risk, and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence. In being good entrepreneurs, there are some skills which need to be owned. According to Hisrich 2005, the skills required by entrepreneurs can be classified into three main areas: technical skills, business management skills, and personal entrepreneurial skills. These skills and objectives form the basis of the modular approach to an entrepreneurship curriculum. This is the table of the three types of skills required in entrepreneurship: Table 2.1 Types of Skills Required in Entrepreneurship In entrepreneurship there are three underlying beliefs Kao, 1989. First, entrepreneurship and creativity are seen as intimately related, timeless human qualities. Creativity implies generating new ideas and approaches. Entrepreneur Technical Skills Business Management Skills Personal Entrepreneurial Skills  Writing  Oral communication  Monitoring environment  Technical business management  Technology  Interpersonal  Listening  Ability to organize  Network building  Management style  Coaching  Being a team player  Planning and goal setting  Decision making  Human relations  Marketing  Finance  Accounting  Management  Control  Negotiation  Venture lunch  Managing growth  Inner controldisciplined  Risk taker  Innovative  Change oriented  Persistent  Visionary leader  Ability to manage change 18 behavior involves the ability to identify opportunities based on these new ideas and approaches, and turn them into something tangible. Outstanding organizations have always sought to mobilize both these qualities. Second, the would-be entrepreneurs need a facility in an array of human and organizational skills; self- understanding; interpersonal understanding; leadership; conflict resolution; stress management; tolerance for ambiguity; team and project management; creating appropriate rewards and incentives; and organization design. Third, rigorous examination of entrepreneurial and creativity-dependent companies provides fresh insights into the relationship between organization, strategies, and environment. Such companies operate in highly uncertain environments and exhibit great fluidity in their internal structure. Thus, they are continually challenged to generate mechanism for fostering organizational integration and coherence.

B. Theoretical Framework

What happened in ELESP as the existence of Marvy and entrepreneurship skills could not be separated. Entrepreneurship has broad and different meanings. Marvy itself gave a meaning of entrepreneurship. In other places, there might be some studies of it but there is no systematic study yet in ELESP to construct knowledge which is reliable and valid as seen from socio-economic aspect. This research focuses on the case study of Marvy to see the process of the attainment of entrepreneurship skills among the students. Thus, the definition of case study matched to the research is a type of observational research that involves a thorough descriptive analysis of a single individual, group, or event. 19 The result of the case study would be the descriptive analysis. It is thick description. The result would cover the perceived growth of the members of Marvy. The perceived growth was previously in the form of personal changes among the members of Marvy. As what Seifert and Clinebell 1999 said, the personal changes would lead to the social change. Therefore, the personal changes would be presented to prove that they influence the change in the bigger scope within the institution. All the perceived growth has relation to entrepreneurship. As the major point in the research is the attainment of entrepreneurship skills, some characteristics of entrepreneurship skills would be to follow. The characteristics as the result of the changes would be taken based on Hisrich 2005. Then, the perceived growth would be seen from the entrepreneurship point of view. At the end, there would be a proof that the attainment of entrepreneurship skills is in progress. 20

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this research, the researcher discusses how the research was conducted. This chapter consists of six parts, namely research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering techniques, data analysis technique, and research procedure.

A. Research Method

The research method in this study was qualitative research. Lichtman 2013 defines qualitative research as a way for a researcher to gather, organize, and interpret information obtained from human by using their eyes and ears as filters. Lichtman 2013 also states that the researcher plays an important role in qualitative research. Qualitative research uses his or her eyes and ears to collect and gather the data information. Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010 state that by using qualitative research, a researcher is able to look for the understanding of the phenomenon by emphasizing on the holistic picture. It does not rely heavily on hypothesis testing, cause and effect, and statistical data. Then, the research was in the form of a case study. Ary et al 2010 state that a case study focuses on a single unit to produce a rich and holistic in depth description. It is also stated that a case study is not limited only in the present actions, but also possible to the past, emotions, thoughts and environment. Thus, the holistic data would be optimally obtained through a case study.