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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology used in this research to solve the research problems. This chapter consists of six subunits. The first subunit is the
research method implemented in the research. The second subunit is the research setting. The third presents the research participants to collect the data. The fourth
is the research instruments to analyze the data. The fifth is the data gathering techniques. The sixth part of this chapter is data analysis technique. The last part
is the research procedures in this research. This chapter is used as a reference to see how the research was done and how the researcher analyzed the data to
answer the problems.
A. Research Method This research is qualitative research. Qualitative research provides the
researcher to explore feelings, opinions and experience of people who involve in the research. This condition is in line with Ary et al. 2002, p. 453 state that
“qualitative research did not generally try to test the hypothesis but to seek the information to describe “what exist” in a situation.” Here, qualitative research
investigates the quality of relationship, activities, or materials in social phenomena. This research was research of social phenomena, namely code
switching of radio announcers’ utterances used in the “Sunset Drive” program of
Swaragama FM.
30 One type of qualitative research is document analysis. Since this study was
conducted to comprehend written language phenomena in society, in this research the utterances transcription, the method used in this research was document
analysis. Leedy and Omrod 2005, p. 142 explain that a document analysis is, “typically performed on form of human communication, including books,
newspapers, films, television, art, music, videotapes of human interactions, and transcript of conversation.
” In document analysis, the materials, such as reports, books, newspapers, films, television, art, music, videotapes of human interactions,
and transcript of conversation, might be used as the sources of data. The data for this information was in the form of words from the partic
ipants’ utterances in the “Sunset Drive” program. This made this research qualitative.
B. Research Setting
The research was conducted in the “Sunset Drive” program of Swaragama FM radio. The
“Sunset Drive” program is one of the programs in Swaragama FM radio owned by Swaragama Group, one of the local companies of radio in
Indonesia. The “Sunset Drive” program focuses on its information to the young adult urban female or male world. The “Sunset Drive” program airs every
Monday to Friday from 4 PM until 7 PM. There are two main radio announcers in this program and two additional announcers. Many features are served by “Sunset
Drive” for listeners. Those are music updates, life styles, news, latest fashion and beauty trends, a reference for hangout, self-improvement, career and personal
finance, health, and relationship. Swaragama FM becomes a source for the target listeners who are the modern active youngsters of Indonesia, about 18 years old
31 until 30 years old, who are aware of global trends and having value as the identity
as Indonesia youngsters. It was first aired on February 27, 2000. The mottos of this radio are smart, mature, fun and friendly. It is always updating the
information about what is something new in youngsters’ world. The information in the radio provides the listeners with fun information on matters related to
music, education, entertainment, career, and health. Source: Profile of Swaragama FM radio
The sources of the data were the radio announcers’ utterances that had been collected from September 16 to September 20, 2013. There were five recordings
taken from the “Sunset Drive” program because the researcher only got a permission to record the program during that time. The researcher chose five
editions of topics discussed in the prog ram because the “Sunset Drive” program is
five days daily program and the researcher found the phenomena of code switching during those editions.
C. Research Participants
The participants of this study were two main announcers and two additional announcers. The four announcers lived in Yogyakarta, X1, X2, X3, and X4. Most
of the announcers graduated from one of Universities in Yogyakarta. Most of the announcers used Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Jawa in their daily
communication. When they talked in the radio program, sometimes they switched Bahasa Indonesia into English. They learned English since elementary until
University. The announcers were the participant of this study. For supporting the results, the researcher interviewed the participants. The researcher interviewed
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