38 utterances were listed in the observation form Table 3.3 using the reasons for code
switching from Gumperz 1982 and Malik 1994. The sixth step, the researcher translated the examples of code switching in English. The seventh step, the results
of the previous steps was concluded based on the findings. The last step, the researcher wrote the report and conclusions from the result of the research.
39
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the research findings obtained by the researcher and the discussion of the data. There are two main parts of this chapter. This first part
contains the discussion on the types of code switching. The second part discusses the reasons for code switching.
A. Types of Code Switching in the “Sunset Drive” Program
The first problem discussed in this research was the types of code switching of the radio announcers‟ utterances used in the “Sunset Drive” program of
Swaragama FM radio. According to the types of code switching that the
researcher proposed to discuss in this study, there were six types of code switching. The researcher used the six types of code switching that were proposed
by Asher 1994 and McCormick 1994. They were diglossic code switching DIG, single word code switching SIN, situational code switching SIT,
metaphoric code switching MET, integrated loanword code switchingINT and conversational code switching CON which were divided into smaller unit,
namely phrase code switching, clause code switching, and whole sentence code switching.
This part presents data findings from the observations conducted by the researcher. The types of code-switching cases were illustrated in table 4.1 and for
more details see Appendix 1.
40
Table 4.1. Types of Code Switching Adapted from McCormick 1994 and Asher 1994
From Table 4.1, the data findings were carefully analyzed in terms of types of code switching by applying some theories on code switching proposed by
Asher 1994 and McCormick 1994 used to give an explanation about the types of code switching. After doing the calculation, the researcher found number of
code switching cases that were used in this research. In fact, there were three types of code switching were not found in
announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive
” program. There were diglossia code switching, situational code switching, and methaporic code switching.
Situational code switching and metaphoric code switching were not found in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program. According to
McCormic 1994, situational code switching and metaphoric code switching
Date Code Switching Case
Types of Code Switching
DIG SIT MET
CON SIN
INT
Sept 16,
2013 This September onSwaragma FM.
Colour your dream and reach your goal. Goes your life and day.
Setelah berjuang akhirnya datang hari kemenangan.
√
Sept 16,
2013 Aduh kenceng amat headset-nya
√
Sept 16,
2013 Swaragama fm the soundtrack of
your life.Drew dengan
“radio”
√
Sept 16,
2013 Nanti bu, jangan terlalu visioner jadi
orang
√
Sept 16,
2013 Mention
dulu twitternya
swaragamafm kemudian Line sama kakaotalk
searchID-nya di
swaragama fm. Aduh ini yang mau diputer
tiga hari
kemudian ya?...hahaha
√ √
41 happen when someone code switches in whole conversations. Here, situational
code switching happens when someone code switches in the whole conversation in one context, meanwhile metaphoric code switching happens when someone
code switches in whole conversation even in different context. However, the announcers of the “Sunset Drive” program did not code switch in the whole
conversation, neither in one context nor in different context. Diglossia
code switching was also not found in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program because the language was not used high function
H and low function L. This research only focused on one way, from the announcers to the listeners.
The other three types of code switching were found in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program. Those were single word code switching
SCS, integrated loanwords code switching ILC and conversational code switching which was classified into three smaller types, namely clause code
switching, phrase code switching and whole sentence code switching. T
here were three types of code switching in the announcers‟ utterances of the “Sunset Drive” program which became the framework for the researcher to
conduct the research. The three types of code switching were adopted from Asher 1994 and McCormick 1994 used to give an explanation about the types of code
switching. There were single word code switching, integrated loan words, and conversational code switching. The explanation of each type could be presented in
the following parts.
