texts. The process of documentation in the implementation was done by the collaborator. Content and outcome validity were expected to be achieved
in this process.
F. Technique of Data Analysis
The data collected were qualitative and quantitative. To analyze the quantitative data, the researcher referred to the stages of the data analysis
suggested by Burns 2010. Analyzing data of action research is a continuing process of reducing information to find explanations or patterns Burns, 2010.
1. Assembling the data In this step, the researcher collected the data and the reflections related
to the data. After that, the researcher reviewed the initial and or his revised questions and looked for broad patterns, ideas or trends that seem to answer the
questions from the data. 2. Coding the data
In the second step, the researcher coded the data into more specific patterns or categories. The researcher also identified which data could be coded
qualitatively and which data could be coded quantitatively. 3. Comparing the data
After coding the data, the researcher compared the categories or patterns across different sets of data, for example interviews compared with
surveys, to see whether they showed the same thing or whether there were contradictions.
4. Building meanings and interpretations In this step, the researcher thought deeper about what could be seen
from the data by reflecting beyond the immediate surface details. The researcher also looked for more abstract ‘big picture’ concepts and not just
step-by-step descriptions of what had been found. Questions were posed, connections were identified, and explanations about what the research meant at
the broadest level of the researcher understanding of it were developed in this step. Then, the researcher refined his
own ‘personal theories’ about the meanings of the research.
5. Reporting the outcomes The last step was reporting the outcomes. Here, the researcher thought
about how the research and the findings would be presented to others and how to organize the whole process of the research from the beginning to the
end not merely the analysis and the findings. Meanwhile, the quantitative data from the writing test are analyzed by
using descriptive statistics in form of mean. The descriptive statistics aimed at providing answers
about the students’ learning achievement before and after applying the peer response by comparing the means of the writing tests. The
statistics used in the computation are the mean which is the average score attained by the subjects of the research. From the results of the writing test, the
students’ progression level is identified.
G. Validity and Reliability of Data
