Participants in Research and Information Gathering

The second instrument was an interview. According to Best 1983: 164, the interview is, in a sense, an oral questionnaire instead of writing the response. The participants will give the needed information verbally in a face-to-face relationship. This interview provided information about the goal of English Club and the students‟ needs in joining extracurricular English Club. Therefore, the question s were basically based on participants‟ opinion about the designed materials which would be implemented in the extracurricular English Club. The researcher conducted two informal interviews to the English teacher on August 12 th 2011 and August 24 th 2011 see appendix 6. The table on the next page shows some questions used in the needs survey. No Questions 1. What is the purpose of this extracurricular English Club? 2. What skills to be taught in this extracurricular English Club? 3. What kind of materials used in this extracurricular English Club? Is it based on the curriculum? 4. What activities do you usually use to teach English in this extracurricular English Club? 5. In your opinion, is Communicative Language Teaching appropriate to be an approach used in designing speaking materials?

2. Instrument in Preliminary Field Testing

The instrument used in preliminary testing was questionnaire which was distributed to the English teacher of SMP Kanisius Pakem Yogyakarta. The questionnaire type used in this step is a closed-ended questionnaire. Here, the researcher provided multiple choice questions and rating scales. “Rating scales are widely used in research, and rightly so, for they combine the opportunity for a flexible response with the ability to determine frequencies, correlations and other forms of qualitative analysis Cohen, Manion Morrison, 2000.” It shows that rating scales are one of the flexible ways to obtain data from respondents. This is one example of a range of responses in rating scales Cohen et al., 2000. The question is: The basic competences are well formulated, the choices are: