26
B. Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework for this study focuses on discussing the stages in designing a set of integrated materials for the first grade students of SMK
Kanisius 1 Pakem . This theoretical framework assists the researcher in answering
the problem of study. Then, the researcher summarizes and synthesizes the whole theories in theoretical description.
The Instructional Design composed by Kemp et al. 2011 is used as guidance
to accommodate students’ learning process with goal-oriented. Kemp’s Instructional Model 2011 has ten components which are defined into eight steps
in developing materials. They are conducting need analysis 1
st
step; Identifying goal and general purpose 2
nd
step; Listing topic 3
rd
step; Specifying learning objectives 4
th
step; Listing subject content 5
th
step; Developing materials 6
th
step; Evaluating design 7
th
step; and Revising the design 8
th
step. From those 8 steps, the researcher has modified and simplified them into four main steps. The
other 4 steps are not included in this study because they are not suitable with the needs of this study. Finally, the researcher deals with the four steps, they are
Analyzing 1
st
step; Designing the Instruction 2
nd
step; Developing the Instruction 3
rd
step; and Evaluating the materials 4
th
step. This step modification can fulfill and complete the need of this study.
The theory of integrated skills is much worth as the references in designing a set of integrated materials for the first grade students of SMK Kanisius
1 Pakem . In order to be suitable with the recent curriculum, the Curriculum 2013
27
is an important guide for the researcher in designing the appropriate integrated materials. Since this study is focused to integrated skill, the theory of
Communicative Language Teaching CLT is surely essential. According to Richards 2005: 2, CLT is recognized as helpful approach that can fulfill the
huge demand of communicative competence. Through this approach, the four basic aspects of English listening, speaking, reading, and writing can be
mastered in a high integrity. Moreover, Communicative Language Teaching CLT must be suitable for second language learners in vocational school degree.
CLT has specific occupational or educational purposes. This approach can train the second language learners to improve their command in English. The English
language becomes pre-requisite for success and advancement in many fields of global employments.
28
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology which is used by the researcher in designing a set of integrated materials for the first grade of SMK Kanisius 1
Pakem . In detail, the methodology includes the research method, the research
setting, the research participants, the research instruments, data gathering techniques, the data analysis technique, and the research procedure.
A. Research Method
In this part, the researcher discusses the method which is used in this study. This study is conducted to answer two main research problems. The first is
how a set of integrated materials using Communicative Language Teaching for the first grade students of SMK Kanisius 1 Pakem designed. The second is what
does a set of integrated materials using Communicative Language Teaching for the first grade students of SMK Kanisius 1 Pakem looks like. In order to solve the
two main research problems, the researcher uses Research and Development RD or instructional design as the research methodology. Actually, there are
many strategies for developing educational products. One of the strategies is research and development RD. Research and development can be appropriate
to be used in designing the learning materials. The goal of RD is to take this research knowledge and incorporate it into a product that can be used properly for
Kategori