Cooperative vs Competitive The Factors of Misunderstanding in Alex’s and Gigi’s Conversations

53 2. English Teachers In the teaching-learning process, the English Teachers need to improve their skills in communication so that they can make successful conversations to their students. Moreover, English teachers also need to understand gender different styles in making conversations. This research can be one of the useful references for the English Teachers who want to enrich their knowledge about gender and communication. Besides, they can apply their knowledge in their teaching-learning process. 3. Future Researchers This research can help the future researchers who conduct research related to the conversational style of men and women. From this research, the future researchers can deepen their research in one of the conversational styles. Besides, they can deepen one of the factors of misunderstanding in cross-sex conversations. Furthermore, the future researchers can analyze other media in order to get the data source since this research used the movie as the data source. 54 REFERENCES Arliss, L. P. 1991. Gender communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C. 2008. Introduction to research in education 8 th ed.. Belmonth, CA: Wadsworth. Brown, G., Yule, G. 1983. Discourse analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Coates, J. 1993. Women, men and language. London: Longman. Eckert, P., Ginet, S. M. 2003. Language and gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gee, J. P. 2011. An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method 3 rd ed.. Abingdon: Routledge. Gemilang, Y. A. 2014. An analysis on the conversational style of single-sex and mix-sex conversations in the Oprah Winfrey Show. Retrieved December 18 th , 2015, from http:library.usd.ac.id Goodwin, M. H. 1990. He-said-she-said: Talk as social organization among black children. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Gumperz, J. J. 1982. Language and social identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Haas, A., Sherman, M. A. 1982. Conversational topic as a function of role and gender. Psychological Reports, 512, 453-454. Holmes, J. 2008. An introduction to sociolinguistics. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Johnstone, B. 2008. Discourse analysis 2 nd ed.. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Lakoff, R. 1975. Language and women’s place. New York: Harper Row. Maltz, D., Borker, R. 1982. A cultural approach to male-female communication. In Gumperz, J. J. Ed.. Language and social identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 55 Pearson, J. C. 1985. Gender and communication. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown Company Publisher. Sapir, E., Mandelbaum, D. G. 1985. Selected writings of Edward Sapir in language, culture and personality. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Suciu, G. 2015. Using communication to make or break relationships. Journal of Romanian Literary Studies, 7, 668-673. Tannen, D. 1986. Thats not what I meant New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. Tannen, D. 1991. You just dont understand: Women and men in conversation. London: Virago. Tannen, D. 1995. The power of talk: Who gets heard and why. Harvard Business Review, 735, 138-148. Tannen, D. 2005. Conversational style: Analyzing talk among friends. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thorne, B., Henley, N. 1975. Language and sex: Difference and dominance. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers. Tsutsui, K. 2008. Culturally and linguistically driven misunderstanding? The analysis of intercultural misunderstanding. Retrieved Mei 5 th , 2016, from http:comm.louisville.eduiicIF20JournalIF201202822920 2008if1282292008tsutsui.html Wardaugh, R. 2006. An introduction to sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Zimmerman, D., West, C. 1975. Sex roles, interruptions, and silences in conversation. In Thorne, B. Henley, N. Eds., Language and sex: Difference and dominance. Rowley, MA: Newbury House Publishers. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI