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D. Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
There were three kinds of instruments used in this study. The instruments were field notes, interview lists, and questionnaires. Further explanations about
the instruments and the data gathering techniques are as follows:
1. Field notes
There were two kinds of field notes; the first was when the researcher observed the teaching learning activity before the researcher designs the materials
and the second was when the researcher implemented the materials to the students. The first field note was done when the researcher did PPL in SMA N 1
Depok. The second field note was done when the researcher implemented the designed materials to the students so that the researcher knew which materials and
techniques were going well and which one was not.
2. Interview
Another instrument was interview lists. The interviewee was the English teacher of SMA N 1 Depok who taught the eleventh grade social science students.
The aims of the interview were to know the characteristics of the students based on the teacher’s point of view, the method which was usually used in teaching
learning activity, and the suggestion about the materials which were designed. Those helped and guided the researcher in designing a set of English speaking
materials. The interview was conducted in March 2013.
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3. Questionnaires
The other instrument was questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed three times. The first was distributed in order to know the students’
interests in learning English so that it helped and guided the researcher in designing the materials. The second was distributed at the end of the learning
process based on the designed materials in order to evaluate the implemented materials so that the researcher was able to revise the designed materials. The
third was distributed to the PBI lecturer of Sanata Dharma University and the English teacher of SMA N 1 Depok in order to get evaluation and feedback for the
designed materials. The first and second questionnaires were only distributed to the eleventh grade social science 2 and 3 students as the representative students of
all the eleventh grade social science students of SMA N 1 Depok.
E. Data Analysis Technique
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