B. Research Participants
This study was conducted in September 2008. This study took place in SMK N I Kalasan which is located in Randugunting, Tamanmartani, Kalasan,
Sleman. The writer chose the students of SMK N I Kalasan as the population and
the eleventh grade of Hotel Accommodation students as the sample of this study. The writer chose the English teachers of SMK N I Kalasan and some English
lecturers of Sanata Dharma University to be the second respondents in order to find whether the suggestive materials were effective or not. The writer believed
that their experiences in teaching English would give valuable input to construct better materials.
Table 3.2 The Description of the Respondents of the Preliminary Field Testing Groups of
respondents Sex Educational
background Teaching experiences in
years
F M S1 S2 S3 1-5
6-10 10-15
15 English
teachers English
lecturers
C. Research Instruments
The types of instrument used to gather data were questionnaires and interviews.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
1. Questionnaires The purpose of distributing the questionnaires was to figure out the
learners’ real need related to their needs, aims, and difficulties in learning English. The questionnaire used was both in closed and open form. The purpose of the
closed form was to help the respondents with the question given by using the alternative for them. It had advantages in providing the respondents with the
answers; therefore the respondents’ task was only to choose the appropriate answers that were really significant to the actual facts. This type was combined
with the open form was to give freedom for the respondents to answer and fill the question given.
The writer made the questions in Indonesian to avoid the misinterpretation both for the writer and for the respondents. It was hoped that the respondents
would get the points of the questions and could answer easily. The writer distributed two questionnaires in this study. The first, as the
pre-design survey, the questionnaire was distributed to eleventh graders of Hotel Accommodation Department of SMK N I Kalasan in order to find the students’
needs and interests. The second, as the post-design survey, the questionnaire was conducted to English teachers of SMK N I Kalasan and two English lecturers of
Sanata Dharma University to get the feedback on the designed materials. 2. Interview
Seliger and Shahomy 1989: 166 stated that an interview was conducted to obtain information by actually talking to the subject. Interviews were conducted
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
to obtain additional information and evaluation of the designed materials. Ary et al. 1976: 174 stated that there are also two types of interviews: “structured
interview” and “unstructured interview”. In structured interview, the researcher has made the questions and alternative answers which have to be followed rigidly
by all respondents. In contrast, the unstructured interview permits the respondents to give answers freely regarding their views, attitudes, beliefs, and other
information. While the structured interview can be considered formal, the unstructured one is more informal. In this study, the writer conducted the
unstructured interview since the answers needed were in form of information. Moreover, the writer did not use tape recorder in order to eliminate the
respondents’ awkwardness of being interviewed. In this study, the interview was held as the pre-design survey in order to
gather the information about the teaching learning process as the guidance in designing the materials. The interview was done to an English teacher of SMK N I
Kalasan informally by using Indonesian to make the questions understood. The questioned asked in the interview were:
a. the teaching technique b. the teaching media
c. the starting point activities d. the opening activities
e. the main activities f. the evaluation method
g. the topics needed by the students to develop English skills
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
D. Data Gathering Technique
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