The research design can be presented as follows:
4
G1 = experimental class G2 = control class
T1 = pretest T2 = posttest
X = treatment using dictogloss technique. O = the free writing technique.
B. Variable of the Research
According to Nunan, a great deal of research is carried out in order to explore the strenght of relationships between variables. A variable, as a term itself suggests, is
anything which does not remain constant. It may differ among individuals and change overtime.
5
It means that variable is a variation object of the study. Variable is the object of research or something that become the concern of research.
Arikunto states there are two types of variables : dependent variable and independet
variable. The dependent variable Y is the focus of variable or the central variable on
4
Ag. Bambang Setiyadi,
Metode Penelitian untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing
, Yogyakarta:Graha Ilmu, 2006, p. 143
5
David Nunan,
Research Method in Learning
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 19920, P. 24-25
G1 = T1 X
T2 G2 = T1
O T2
which other variables acted if there is any relationship. The independent variable X selected by the researcher to determine the relationship with the dependent variable.
6
Thus, the variables in this research are : 1.
Independent variable X is variable selected by the researcher to determine their affect on relationship with the dependent variable.
7
Independent variable in this research is Dictogloss technique.
2. Dependent variable Y is observed to determine what affect, if any the other
type of variables may have on it.
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Dependent variable in this research is students‟ writing analytical exposition text.
C. Operational Definition of Variable
The operational definition of variable is to describe the characters of variables which are used in this research to avoid misconception of variables presented in this
research. It also aims at other the research has clarity about the data needed, so the researcher investigated the data that have related with the variables of this research.
The operational definition of the variables of this research as follows: 1.
Dictogloss technique is a technique in teaching writing by asking the students individually hear and make notes about the topic from the teacher read to them,
6
Suharsimi Arikunto,
Prosedur Penelitian Pendekatan Praktik
Jakarta:Rineka Cipta, 2010, p.162
7
Sugiyono,
Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan RD
Bandung:Alfabete, 2012, p.39
8
Ibid
