the control class. The research was conducted in five meetings for each class. The learning materials :
a. One meeting for pre-test.
b. Three meetings to taught the material by using teaching writing technique.
c. One meeting for post-test
5. Administering post-test
Post- test was administrated to measure whether there is an improvement of students‟
writing analytical exposition text ability of two classes. The students was assigned to make a analytical exposition text consist of approximately 100-120 words in the form
of analytical exposition text by choosing the titles provided. As it was mentioned before, the titles given are:
a. Smoking
b. Learning English
c. Music
6. Analyzing Data
After collecting the data, the researcher accounted the data.
H. Validity and Reliability of the Test
1. Validity of the Test
Validity is the most important consideration in developing and evaluating measuring instruments.
17
It means that a good test must have validity, so the test can measure the aspects that will be measured. To measure whether the test has good validity or not.
The researcher will use the content and construct validity.
18
a. Content Validity
Best and Kahn say that content validity refers to the degree to which the test actually measures, or is specifically related to, the traits for which it is design, content validity
is based upon the careful examination of course textbooks, syllabus, objectives, and jugments of subject matter specialists.
19
It means that to get the content validity, the test will adapt with the student‟s book, that is the test suitable with the material that
teach to the students. Content validity concerns whether the tests are good of the materials that need to be
tested. Content validity refers to instruments that are parallel with the matter that will be measured because in this research the test is intend to measure student‟s analytical
exposition text writing ability of the eleventh grade of senior high school. Based on the syllabus, analytical exposition is taught at eleventh grade of senior high school.
17
Donal Ary et.al,
Op.Cit
,p.225
18
Ag. Bambang Setiyadi,
Op.Cit
, p.22
19
John W. Best and James V. Kahn,
Op.Cit,
p.295
Then to make the testis valid, the researcher gives the test related to the students‟ material in their school. To know whether the test has a good validity or not, the
items will be consulted to the English teacher. b.
Construct Validity
To measure construct validity refers to assumption, showing the measurement used contains correct operational definition, which is based on the theoretical concept.
Construct validity is needed to the measuring instrument that have some indicators to measure one aspect or construct.
20
It means that construct validity just like a concept, both of them are abstraction and generalization that need to be defined so clearly that
can measured and examined. In this research, the researcher was make a analytical exposition test
that can measure the students‟ writing analytical exposition paragraph ability based on the scoring covers five aspects of writing that are adapted from
Cristopher Tribble, and they are content, organization, vocabulary, language, and
mechanics. 2.
Reliability of the Test
Reliability is the consistency or stability of the values, test scores, or weight measurement.
21
Reliability is measure of accuracy, consistency, dependability or fairness of scores resulting from administration or particular examination. To ensure
the reliability of the scores and to avoid the subjectivity of the researcher, the
20
Bambang Setiyadi ,
Op.Cit,
p.25
21
James B.Schreiber,
Op.Cit,
p.110
researcher was use inter-rater reliability. According to Ary et.al, a simple way to determine the reliability of ratings is to have two or more observers independently
rate the same behaviors and then correlate the observes‟s ratings. The resulting correlation is called the inter-rater or inter-observer reliability.
22
It means that, inter- rater reliability is used when scores on the test are independently estimated by two or
more judges or raters. They are the teacher and the researcher to estimate the reliability of the test, the researcher used rank order correlation formula as follows:
23
6 ∑D² rho
XY
= 1- N N² - 1
Notes : rho
XY
: Coefient correlation ordinal 6 1 : Constant Number
D : Difference between first variable score and second variable score
N : Number of subjects.
From the result of analysis see in appendix 12, the reliability of the test of Pre-test got 0.99 , and reliability of the test Post-test got 0.99 see appendix 14. It means that
the test instruments is very high. Scoring at the classification of the reliability of the test, it can be indicated that the test instrument already made by researcher is reliable.
22
Donal Ary et.al,
Op.Cit
, p.231
23
Suharsimi Arikunto,
Op.Cit
, p.319
