Table 2 Population of the Students at the First Semester of Eleventh Grade of
SMA Karya Mataram South Lampung in the Academic Year of 20162017
No Class
Male Female
Total
1 XI IPA 1
9 16
25 2
XI IPA 2 13
11 24
3 XI IPA 3
10 14
24 4
XI IPS 1 14
9 23
Total 96
Source: SMA Karya Mataram 20162017 academic years
2. Sample
A sampe is a small proportion of population selected for observation and analysis.
12
It means that sample is part of individual members which is chosen to represent of the
whole population. Based on the definition above, the reasearcher took two classes as the sample of the research, XI IPA 2 was a control class and XI IPA 1 was an
experimental class.
3. Sampling technique
In this research, the researcher used cluster random sampling. Fraenkel and Wallen state that the selection of groups, or clusters, of subjects rather than individuals is
known as cluster random sampling.
13
The researcher used this sampling because all the classes were homogeneous and she took two classes. One class was as control
12
John W.Best and James V. Kahn,
Research in Education
8th Ed Needham Heights:Allyn Bacon, 1998, p.13
13
Ibid,
p.95
class and one class was as experimental class. This following were the procedures to take the classes as sample:
a. First, the researcher made a kind of lottery.
b. Second, the researcher provide four pieces of small paper which each piece was
the name of each of the eleventh grade the the researcher roll them up and put them into a glass.
c. Third, the researcher shaken the glass and took one of the pieces of the paper. The
first paper was XI IPA 1 as the experimental class. d.
Next, the researcher shaken the glass again and took one small piece of rolled paper. The name of class must be different with the name in the first shaken so for
the second paper was XI IPA 2 as the control class.
E. Data collecting technique
In the collecting data, the researcher used subjective test, the test is essay about analytical exposition text. Some tests were conducted to collect the data are:
1. Pre-test
Pre-test provides a measure on attribute or characteristics that you assess for participants in an experiment before they receive a treatment.
14
It means that pre-test is to know the students‟ writing ability before the treatments, the test will do by
14
John W.Creswell,
Op.Cit
, p.297
