37 course and serve as measurement of students’ achievement based on the Standard
Competency and Basic Competence. These indicators help the teacher to measure the students’ specific measurable performances.
4. Listing the Subject Content
In this step, the writer listed the subject content which supported each indicator. The writer should make sure that all the elements of procedures were
considered in the planning process. The content organizing and the task analysis should be considered.
5. Selecting Some Teaching-learning Activities and Resources
Before designing the listening materials, the writer selected some teaching-learning activities and resources which are appropriate with the theories
used in this study and the students’ characteristics. The writer was to dig listening materials and resources as many as possible to create qualified, varied, and
creative listening materials. The task and terms used in the activity would refer to the Task-Based principles. Since the design of the materials would be used for the
first semester, the topics chosen suited with the curriculum for the first semester. This stage would influence the characteristics of the design of the materials later
on.
6. Evaluating the Design of the Materials
After finished designing the listening materials, the writer conducted the evaluation for her overall design of the materials by giving questionnaire to the
English teachers of SMA Dominikus Wonosari and lecturers of English Language
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38 Study Program. Their feedbacks, opinions, comments, and suggestions would be
the basis for the writer in revising the materials.
7. Revising the Design of the Materials
After evaluating the design of the materials, the writer would revise the instructions and the materials. The revision would depend on the evaluation from
the previous step of this study that was evaluation. Since not the whole process in designing the materials could be revised, this step was shown by the feedback
lines for the steps which could be revised.
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39
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer would like to present the methodology used in the study. This chapter discusses the research method, research setting, research
participants, research instruments and data gathering technique, data analysis techniques, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
Since this study was aimed to present a set of instructional listening materials, the writer needed a method to be applied. In this part, the writer
explains the method used in the study. The method used was Research and Development R D, which means the writer conducted the research and
developed the design. According to Borg Gall 1983: 772, R D is a process used to develop and validate educational products. In this study, the term
“product” referred to the instructional materials, in the specific is instructional listening materials based on Task-Based Instructions.
The writer decided to use R D method because it facilitated the writer to create tested and applicable educational products for the subject of the study,
which was SMA Dominikus Wonosari. R D consists of a cycle where a product will be developed, field tested, and improved on the basis of field-test data. There
were ten steps in R D, which are 1 Research and Information Collecting, 2 Planning, 3 Develop Preliminary Form of Product, 4 Preliminary Field
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