40 Testing, 5 Main Product Revision, 6 Main Field Testing, 7 Operational
Product Revision, 8 Operational Field testing, 9 Final Product Revision, and 10 Dissemination and Implementation Borg Gall, 1983: 775.
From the ten steps of R D stated above, the writer would apply only five steps, which were:
1. Research and Information Collecting
Research and Information Collection was a starting step in this study and it was important for the writer to get the information and the basis of the design of
the materials. In this step, the writer conducted two steps, which were literature review and classroom observation. Literature review was conducted in order to
find some references which provided the information concerning the research topic. The writer focused on the theories related to instructional design,
communicative language teaching, task-based instructions, and listening. Moreover, the writer reviewed some English textbooks for senior high school,
books of exercise, and the curriculum used which is School-based Curriculum. Classroom observation was conducted in order to gain the information of
the subject. The writer distributed questionnaires to the tenth grade students of SMA Dominikus Wonosari and the English teachers of SMA Dominikus Wonosari.
The information gained from the questionnaires would be used as the consideration for the writer to determine how the listening materials should be
developed. This step 1 of RD cycle was the same as 1 Identifying students’ characteristics in the writer’s model.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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2. Planning
In this study, planning included defining skills, stating objectives, and determining course sequence which were developed referred to the curriculum
used by SMA Dominikus Wonosari. The data gained from the Research and Information Collecting would be used to decide the suitable listening materials
based on the students’ needs and interests. The data were presented in the form of syllabus and lesson plans.
Since the design would be developed based on the School-Based Curriculum which is applied in the school, the terms in the Planning were suited
with the school’s syllabus. The most important aspect in Planning is stating the objectives, which should be achieved by the designed materials. Thus, the writer
would firstly review the competency standard and the basic competence, and listed the topics of the design of the materials based on the syllabus of SMA
Dominilus Wonosari. Then, the writer formulated the indicators for the students to achieve at the end of the lesson. This step included two steps of writer’s model
which were 2 Stating competency standard, basic competences, and topics, and 3 Listing Indicators.
3. Development of Preliminary Form of Product
