Breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge
of the reading situation Klingner, Sharon and Alison, 2007. As Armbruster and Osborn 2002 state, reading is defined as a process that the readers find and build
meaning. Then, they comprehend the meaning by connecting what they have read to their own background knowledge.
Reading consists of two related processes. They are word recognition and comprehension. Word recognition refers to the process of perceiving how written
symbols correspond to one’s spoken language. Comprehension is the process of making sense of words sentences and connected text Fitriana et al., 2011. It is
supported by Furqon 2013, he states that comprehension can be achieved when a reader succeds to extract the useful knowledge from a text and constructs the
knowledge into his new own understanding. Practically, reading is defined as equal with reading comprehension. It can
be described as a complex behavior consisting conscious and unconscious use of varieties of strategies. The strategies are problem-solving strategies in order to
construct the meaning model that the writer is pretended to have intended Mikulecky, 1990. Reading comprehension is considered as the first point that
needs to be related to the process of reading. Knowledge is the vital component for obtaining comprehension. It is closely related to what students have not
recognized or their new information and what they previously have recognized Simanjuntak, 1988.
According to Hill 2011, comprehension is an interactive and strategic process that is completely developed then it results in reading fluency. It can be
also defined as a process when the readers are constructing meaning in a text by PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
using their prior knowledge, preceding experience, information in the text, and attitude about the text Baha and Daud, 2013.
Consequently, reading comprehension means an interactive process between what students have not recognized and what they previously have
recognized in contracting meaning of a text. They use their prior knowledge, experience, and the information in the text in the process of comprehension. The
comprehension is successfully achieved when they succed in extracting useful knowledge from the text and construct the knowledge into their new own
understanding.