C. Data Collection
To collect data, the research employed a primary data collection instrument, i.e. the researcher herself Meriem and Tisdell, 2015 and an additional
instrument, in the form of data sheets. In these data sheets, the qualitative data in the form of language expressions in the English movie text taken from the movie
CD and its Bahasa Indonesia movie text retrieved from the Internet were rewriten in a table in the data sheets. In addition, the data sheets also contained realization
and meaning classifications of the qualitative data. The realization category was divided into two, namely realized and unrealized and then the realized category
was further classified into two, i.e. fully realized and partly realized. As for the meaning category, it was divided into four categories, namely fully equivalent,
partly equivalent, different meaning and no meaning. After all the qualitative data
were distributed to their respective category, the final result of each category was indicated in percentages the quantitative data. The data sheet is presented below.
Table 1: The Data Sheet
No English
Movie Text
Bahasa Indonesia
Movie Text
Realizations Sentence Realization Variations
Meaning Realization Variations Realized Sentence
Un- Realized
Sentence Fully
Realized Sentence
Partly Realized
Sentence Fully
Equivalent Meaning
Partly Equivalent
Meaning Different
Meaning No
Meaning
D. Data Analysis
After the researcher had done collecting the data, the next step was to analyze the obtained data by filling the data into the data sheet. The following are
the stages to carry out the data analysis: 1.
To begin the data analysis, the researcher firstly watched the movie to gain the general understanding of the movie plot.
2. The next step was to compare the English subtitle and its Bahasa Indonesia
subtitle to determine to which category each expression belongs based on the relevant theories by putting a thick
√ in the right category in the data sheet. To analyze each expression of the subtitle written in the target text in
comparison with the subtitle written in the source text, the researcher used two categories, namely realization and meaning. With regard to realization, the
researcher firstly looked at each expression in the target text whether it belonged to the “realized” category or the “unrealized” category. If it
belonged to the “realized” category, the researcher further decided whether the datum belonged to the “fully realized” category or the “partly realized”
category. As for meaning, the researcher looked at an expression in the target text whether it belonged to the categories of fully equivalent, partly equivalent,
different meaning or no meaning.
3. The final result of each category was indicated in percentages . After
obtaining the result, the researcher was able to draw the conclusion.
E. Trustworthiness of the Data and Data Analysis
To ensure trustworthiness of the research findings, the researcher employ four criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba 1985 in O’Donoghue 2015,
namely credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. However, this research only used three of them, which were credibility, dependability, and
conformability . This is consistent with Lincoln and Guba 1985 in O’Donoghue
2015 who argue that transferability is not relevant for qualitative research. These criteria have something to do with determining the extent to which we can have
confidence in the research findings and the extent to which we believe what the researcher has reported O’Donoghue, 2015. They are explained as follows.
Credibility refers to the truthfulness of the data. The credibility of this research was enhanced by the extended period of data gathering and peer
debriefing with proofreaders were utilized throughout the planning and data- gathering phases of the research. In achieving the degree of credibility, deep and
detail observation of the data were performed. The data were read and reread comprehensively, they then were classified based on their respective features.
Credibility is also obtained by conducting triangulation. In this research, the source triangulation and the theory triangulation were applied. The sources are the
English subtitle of the “12 Years A Slave” and its Bahasa Indonesia subtitle, while the theories which are applied to conform the data were the theories from experts
of translation studies Tou and Bloomfield as well as meaning and sentence realization variations.
Next, dependability refers to the stability and trackability of data and the development of theory in qualitative studies.. In order to reach the degree of
dependability, the processes of data collection and data analysis in this study were examined. The data were inspected carefully to ensure that they were in
accordance with the research questions. The last criterion to ensure data trustworthiness is conformability. Lincoln
and Guba 1985 in O’Donoghue 2015: p. 100 define conformability as “the extent to which the data and interpretations of the study are grounded in events
rather than the inquirer’s personal constructions”. In this research, the researcher provide elucidation of the research stages from the beginning until it finally
obtained the research findings. For the details of the research stages, please refer to Data Analysis on page 37 was the major strategy which was used to ensure that
conformbility was achieved.
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