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For example: He is very pleasant, but his wife is arrogant, is translated into Ia sangat baik, tetapi istrinya sangat sombong.
2. Modulation
Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in the point of view, culture, and perspective. It occurs when the
translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar
in terms of perspective.
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Modulation and transposition may take place in the same time. For example: Time is money translated into waktu itu sangat berharga.
Based on Newmark, there are two kinds of modulation: absolute modulation and free modulation. Absolute modulation occurs when there is no equivalent
meaning of word, phrase, or structure from source language into target language. Examples: Light Mineral Oil and Benzalkonium Chloride. Those words should
have not rendered into different meaning because they don‟t have equivalent
meaning in the target language. Free modulation is translation procedure that supposes to explain the meaning, to obtain the relation meaning between SL and
TL and also to achieve the equivalence meaning as natural as SL. It occurs when a word or phrase is translated differently as a word as a meaning itself. For
examples the word enhanced, the true meaning of enhanced is dipertinggi
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but in promotion text it is translated dilengkapi.
27
Ibid, p. 88
28
John M. Echols and Hasan Sadily, Kamus Inggris Indonesia, Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1976, p. 214
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3. Adaptation
Adaptation is also known as a free translation, is translation procedure whereby the translator replaces a social, or cultural, reality in the source text with
a corresponding reality in the target text; this new reality would be more usual to the audience of the target text.
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It is the freest translation where the translator must create a new situation which is considered has equivalence, modifying the
concept but it is not beyond the purpose. Therefore, it is considered as equivalence, a situational equivalence. In adaptation something specific to the
source language culture is expressed in a totally different way that is familiar or appropriate to the target language culture. Sometimes it is valid, and sometimes it
is problematic, to say the least.For example the word product is translated into produk
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.
4. Borrowing
