teaching and learning process by making an interview and observation in natural setting, place where the observed activity takes place.
B. Description of Setting
The research was conducted at SMA N 1 Klaten from August to October 2009. SMA N 1 Klaten is one of senior high schools in Klaten which is located
in Jalan Merbabu No. 13 Klaten. It could be contacted via phone at 0272 321150. The school has three classes, they are: regular, immersion, and
acceleration. In this research, regular class was taken as the object of the research.
C. Sources of Data
In order to conduct the research, the researcher collected the data based on the extent of teacher certification affects the quality of English teaching and
learning process at SMA N 1 Klaten. The data were taken from three kinds of sources as follows:
a. Events
The event was in the form of the instructional process in the classes and other activities outside the classes which are related to the
research. b.
Informants The informants were those determining the quality of English
teaching and learning process in SMA N 1 Klaten in relation to the teacher
certification. Those informants were the head master, certified English teachers, and the students.
c. Documents
The documents in this research were related to the written information about the English teaching and learning process in SMA N 1
Klaten. The examples of the sources were the field notes of interview with teachers, field notes of observation, and
teachers‟ lesson plan.
D. Technique of Data Collecting
The techniques of data collecting which are used in this research are in the form of:
a. Observation.
According to Hoepfl 2006: 1, the classic form of data collection in field research is observation of participant in the context of a natural
setting. Observational data are used for the purpose of description of setting, activities, people, and meanings of what is observed from the
perspective of the participants. Alison et al says that observation is observing and recording of events or circumstances in which the writer is
present 1996: 26. The observation was carried out on the instructional process and
several activities outside the class related to the teacher certification and its effects on the quality of English teaching and learning process. In
observing the objects, the researcher took a position as passive participant
who didn‟t take part any involvement in the process which was being observed.
b. Interview.
Lexy J. Moleong states that interview is a conversation with certain purposes which is done by two sides as the interviewer and the
interviewee 2002: 135. In addition, Allison et al 1996: 25 says that interview is a face to face situation in which the researcher set out the
elicit information or opinion from a subject. The interviews were delivered to the informants participating in
teacher certification program in SMA N 1 Klaten and the students. They were taken as sample from population by using purposive sampling
technique. They consisted of the headmaster, the certified English teachers, and some students of SMA N 1 Klaten.
c. Document Analysis.
According to Sutopo 2002: 69 written documents are sources of research, which are often having important role in qualitative research.
Thus, the document is used in research because of some reasons: document is source of research, which is stable, rich and supported; it is as
evidence to a testing and it has natural characteristic so it is appropriate to qualitative research.
The analyses of documents were carried out to select the documents related to the teacher certification program and teaching and
learning quality. The analyzed documents were the fieldnotes of interview, fieldnotes of observation, and the English teachers‟ lesson plan
E. Trustworthiness
