j. carries out test weekly and monthly
Periodic test is needed to know how far students learn. The information that the teacher needs about students‟ understanding related to certain
materials can be obtained by conducting this activity.
5. General Principle of Effective Teaching and Learning
Teacher does not only teach his students as he wants. He has some guides to show him how to be more effective in conducting a lesson. He runs his lesson
based on some principals which need to be followed in order to support an effective learning. Ormrod 2005: 15 proposes three general principles of
effective learning, as follows. a.
Teaching and learning process will be more effective if the teachers relate the materials to the students‟ background knowledge. Teachers
attempt to relate the idea of the materials with something that students are already familiar, such as their previous works, their past
experiences, and their general knowledge about the world. When the students feel familiar with the topic the teacher gives to them, they will
be interested and motivated in following the teaching and learning process. Students who are interested and motivated tend to contribute
more in the classroom interaction. b.
The teaching and learning process will be more effective if the teacher elaborates the new material clearly and step by step. Elaboration is a
process of adding one‟s own ideas to new information. In most
situations, elaborations enable students to learn information with greater understanding, remember it better, and apply it more readily
when they need it. Therefore, teachers try to think beyond the information they read. Teachers generate new examples of concepts.
Students sometimes do not understand the material their teacher gives. Therefore the teacher should give additional information or
explanation related to the topic they are learning. By elaborating the topic, teacher can avoid students‟ misleading or misunderstanding
since he has provided the students with enough explanation. c.
Teaching and learning process will be more effective if the teacher evaluates the students periodically to ensure that the students have
learned and understood. Teachers give the students reviews or tests weekly or monthly or ask them to make a brief summary about the
material. Those principles are guidelines for teachers and are very useful for
both teachers and students. Teachers better to start the lesson with something which is familiar to the students. They have to elaborate the idea clearly and step
by step so that the students can understand the information better. Finally, teachers do evaluation or lesson review.
6. The Components of Teaching and Learning Process
