Subject Design. Design of Product Testing

40

3. Techniques and Instrument of Data Collection

a. Data Collection Techniques

The data collection techniques which were used in this research were distributing questionnaires for student and interviewing the teacher. The questionnaires were applied in the needs analysis stage. The students‟ characteristics and learning resources were observed by doing need analysis. The next technique of data collection was interviewing the teacher. The result of the interview was used in the process of materials development. The next step was displaying the data. The data that had been reduced were organized and compressed and displayed in the form of a text. After that, the last step was making a conclusion.

b. Data Collection Instrument

Questionnaires sheets and interview guideline were used in this step. Those instruments were used to obtain the students‟ needs and interests. Moreover, questionnaires were also be used to revise the materials. 1. Questionnaire for the Needs Analysis The writer used questionnaire in gathering the data. The questionnaire was for the students to do the need analysis step. This questionnaire was in the form of multiple choices. Students were required to choose several statements provided in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to the tenth grade of SMA Piri 1 Yogyakarta to gain as much as possible about their needs. 41 Table 2: The Organization of the Need Analysis Questionnaire for students No Aspects Item Number The Purposes of The Questions References 1 Background Knowledge 1 To know the students‟ current proficiency in English Hutchinson and Waters 1987:63 Target Needs 2 Necessities 8 To know the students‟ need of the supplementary materials Hutchinson 1987:55 3 Lacks 13 To know the difficulties students‟ find in speaking learning activity Hutchinson 1987:55 4 Wants 6, 7, 14 To find some activities that students want in learning English in the classroom Hutchinson 1987:55 5 Goals 2, 3, 15, 16, 17 To find the students‟ goal in learning English Hutchinson 1987:55 Learning Needs 6 Input 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12 To find what kind of input that students want in their English learning activities in the classroom and developed materials Nunan 2004:47 7 Teacher‟s Role 18, 19 To find information about the teachers‟ role Nunan 2004:64 8 Students‟ Role 20 To find information about students‟ role Nunan 2004:67 2. Interview for the Teachers This step was used to analyze the target needs of the students. The interview involved the tenth grade English teacher of SMA Piri Yogyakarta to give as much information as needed.