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A. Research Setting
Since the researcher employs document analysis and library study, thus it is not necessary to have a specific setting to conduct the research. The research
was done in Jogjakarta. The researcher needed five months to finish this research. This research started from February 2012 and finished in June 2012.
B. Research Subject
In this research, the articles of InfoKomputer magazine were considered as the subject of the research, since this research focused on code-switching
phenomenon in magazine. The researcher employed two editions of the magazine. They were January and February 2012 editions. Thus, the researcher would get
sufficient data to be analyzed. The data was taken from the articles of the magazines.
In order to make the analysis easier, the researcher also classified the data from each magazine into five kinds of data category namely news, opinion,
feature, advertisement and fiction. News is “Information that is published in newspapers and broadcasted on radio and television about recent events in the
country or world or in a particular area of activity” Sinclair, 2001. In this research news is the article which contains a report of events, recent issues and
recent information about computer, smartphone, software and hardware. Opinion is an article which shows someone’s feeling and idea about something. Feature is
special article and regular article which always appear in InfoKomputer magazine. Feature covers some rubrics such as the testing result of some gadgets, hardware
21 or software. Advertisement is an article of picture or a notice which tells the
readers about product, job, place, or service. The last is fiction. It is a story of unreal or imaginary characters and events which exists in the magazine. The
researcher only used four classifications of the articles. They were news, opinion, feature and advertisement, while fiction was not used since there was no fictitious
story which existed in the magazine.
C. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2002: 424 explains that in qualitative research which dealt with human and situations, researcher needed a flexible instrument
that could read the documents, talk with people, or studied the human experiences. The characteristic of qualitative research was that the researcher was the main
instrument of the research. In this research, the researcher was the primary instrument of the research that collected and analyzed the data. It was also
supported by Meriam 2002: 5 who explains that A second characteristic of all forms of qualitative research is that the
researcher is the primary instrument for data collections and data analysis. Since understanding is the goal of this research, the human instrument,
which is able to be immediately responsive and adaptive, would seem to be the ideal means of collecting and analyzing data.
The second instrument in this research was magazine. Since the data was available in the articles of the magazines, the researcher used magazines as the
instrument to collect the data. The data of code-switching was gathered by the researcher using the magazines through identifying and selecting process. The
22 researcher, as the primary instrument, identified all the contents of the articles and
determined what data which were suitable to use.
D. Data Analysis Technique
Since this research was a qualitative research, the nature of data was in the form of word. In analyzing the data, the researcher followed the organized step
constructed by Creswell 1998 as cited by Leedy and Omrod 2005: 150. Creswell explains a spiral data analysis which consists of four steps. They are
organizing the data, perusing the data, identifying the data, and integrating and summarizing the data.
1. Organizing the Data
In this step the researcher categorized the code-switching cases based on the edition of the magazine. The researcher also broke down each magazine into
four kinds of data category namely news, opinion, feature and advertisement. 2.
Perusing the Data The researcher might obtain an early overview of the collected data which
could suggest possible interpretations. The researcher also used this step to recheck whether or not there were some language elements which had not been
listed. 3.
Identifying the Data In this step the researcher classified the code-switching cases into its types.
The researcher used observation checklist to categorize the code-switching cases into its types. The observation checklist was aimed to give a reliable data and to
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