Problem Limitation Problem Formulation
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1. Learning techniques Learning is acquiring or getting knowledge of a subject or a skill by study,
experience, or instruction Brown, 2000:7. In this study, learning techniques are teachers’ techniques through which they conduct learning activities for
students by learning and experiencing a subject in order to acquire and gain knowledge, and reach the subject’s instructional goals.
2. English reading activities According to Nunan 2003: 68, reading is a fluent process of readers
combining information from a text and uses their own background knowledge to build meaning. In this study, therefore, reading activities refer to students’
activities where they try to obtain information from written texts they read and then compare the information with their background knowledge. English
reading activities are learning activities under the English subject which facilitate students in learning English language through texts and reading
activities. 3. Curriculum
Curriculum is a set of plans and arrangement on goals, contents, and materials of instructional activities which is used as guidelines in conducting learning
activities to achieve certain educational objectives BSNP, 2006: 1. In this study, the term curriculum refers to an official document established by
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, which is used as a practical guideline in applying learning techniques for students in school.
4. Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan is an operational curriculum which is
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designed by and implemented in each school BSNP, 2006: 5. In this study, Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan refers to the same understanding which
is as an operational guideline in applying teaching-learning techniques in school.