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1. Observation Checklist
This research instrument was employed in order to answer the research question number 1, namely “What learning techniques does the teacher apply in
conducting the English reading class?”. Checklist was a certain technique of observation. According to Ary et al. 2002: 234, checklist is a device for direct
observation, which presents a list of behaviors that are to be observed. Observation checklist was a list of statements which were the focuses of attention
in conducting the research observation. Observation checklist contained situations or phenomenon dealing with the research topic researcher investigated. In other
words, this was a guideline for the researcher in conducting the research observation. The researcher used non-participant observation in which the
researcher observed without participating or taking any active part in the situation being observed. The researcher, then, would present the result of the observation
in the form of paragraphs. The checklist consisted of three parts which were based on the focus of the
observation itself. The first part Part A was about kinds of the learning techniques the teacher conducted for students in reading class. The second part
Part B was about reading text materials the teacher used in conducting the reading class. This part covered what kinds of texts, texts’ sources, and form of
the teaching materials the teacher used. The third part Part C was about teaching instruments the teacher used in conducting reading class. It covered what kinds,
sources, and form of the teaching instrument that the teacher used.
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2. Field Note
In addition, the researcher also used the field note observation. This research instrument was employed in order to answer the research questions
number 1 and 3, which are “What learning techniques does the teacher apply in conducting the English reading class?” and “What are the students’ responses on
the learning techniques?”. Ary et al. 2002: 431 state that field note is a data recording technique through which a researcher makes a brief note on what the
researcher has seen and heard during observation. In this technique of observation, the observer recorded the data by taking notes based on the guidance questions.
This was a supporting research instrument for checklist in order to cover the other phenomena which were not stated in the observation sheet. The researcher used
the statements in the observation sheet as the guideline to cover unexpected findings on the aspects observed.
In conducting the observation, the researcher also recorded teachers’ teaching activities with the video camera. This recording was employed in order
to obtain the audiovisual data of the learning techniques so that the activities can be observed more than once.
3. Interview
The third research instrument for this study was interview. This research instrument was employed in order to answer the research questions number 2,
namely “What are the teacher’s reasons in applying the activities?”. Bogdan and Biklen 2003: 95 cite that interview is used to gather descriptive data in the
subjects’ own words. Bogdan and Biklen also explain more that through an
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interview a researcher can develop insights into how subjects interpret some piece of the world. Interview is a data collection activity that is conducted by doing a
purposeful conversation on the research topics. The researcher conducted the interview with the English teacher of SMA
Stella Duce 2 Yogyakarta one time. The researcher conducted the interview with the English teacher after the researcher conducted the direct observations on the
English reading activities. The interview aimed to find out the teacher’s reason for applying the
learning techniques and applying the teaching techniques. In this interview, the researcher asked ten questions about the teacher’s reasons for conducting the
learning technique and reasons for applying the teaching techniques in teaching reading class. The learning techniques and teaching techniques upon which its
reasons for application being asked in this interview were taken from the findings during the direct observations conducted previously.
4. Questionnaire
This research instrument was employed in order to answer the research question number 3, which is “What are the students’ responses on the learning
techniques?”. Questionnaire was a list of questions to be answered by the research subject in order to obtain the data required to answer the research questions.
According to Ary et al. 2002: 389 there are two kinds of questionnaire, open- ended and close-ended questionnaire. This study used the open-ended
questionnaire to acquire the qualitative data in order to answer the research problems. In the questionnaire with the open-ended questions, the respondents are
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