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Developing Preliminary Form of Product
This step included the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh stages of Yalden’s adapted model. The stages were producing proto-syllabus, producing pedagogical
syllabus, developing and implementing classroom procedures, and developing the materials. Still in this step, the writer selected related topics which are suitable
with Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan 2006. The topics were also selected under the learners’ proficiencies, interests, and needs. The authentic reading texts
were gathered from online sources, magazines, textbooks, or newspapers. In developing preliminary form of product, the writer adapted the
authentic reading texts by applying the principles of Plus Category, Minus Category, and Zero Category Tomlinson and Masuhara, 2004: 16. After
obtaining suitable texts, the writer determined the subject contents. To achieve the learning purposes, the writer developed learning activities.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
The preliminary field testing is the fourth cycle of R D steps which included testing designed materials to respondents, collecting data for the
designed materials evaluation from respondents, and analyzing the data. This step was also the step of Yalden’s adapted model; evaluating. This stage was where the
writer evaluated the preliminary designed materials. After evaluating the preliminary designed materials, the writer obtained feedback of the whole
materials by distributing questionnaires and conducting interviews. The feedback was employed to revise the preliminary designed materials. Expert validation was
also conducted to obtain feedback. In the research, the expert validation was
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conducted by interviewing English teachers of SMA Pangudi Luhur St. Louis IX Sedayu Bantul and lecturers of English Education of Sanata Dharma University.
5. Main Product Revision
This was step for the writer to revise the preliminary designed materials based on the results of preliminary field testing. This step was also the ninth step
of Yalden’s adapted model, revising. After collecting results of preliminary field testing; evaluation and expert validation, the writer made the final version of the
designed materials. The summary of the five steps of R D cycle which were collaborated
with the steps in Yalden’s adapted model were described in the following page.
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R D Cycle Yalden’s Adapted Model’s Stages
Figure 3.1 The Writer’s R D Adopted Cycle Collaborated with Yalden’s Adapted Model
According to Educational Seminar held by the Department of National Education in 2008
, a research and development should include a specification of product. The specification is detailed features of product which were to
distinguish the product with other products. The specification of the result of Research and Information
Preliminary Field Testing
Main Product Revision Conducting the Needs Survey
Planning Describing the Purpose
Developing the Syllabus
Developing Preliminary Form of Product
Producing Proto-syllabus Producing Pedagogical Syllabus
Developing and implementing classroom procedures
Developing Materials
Evaluating
Revising
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product was presented in Table 3.1 Specification of A Set of Integrated Reading and Writing Instructional Materials Using Cooperative Learning for the Tenth
Graders of SMA Pangudi Luhur St. Louis IX Sedayu Bantul.
B. Research Participants
