Therefore, questionnaires and interviews data should be obtained from all participants.
5. Final Product Revision
The results of the post-design questionnaire were used as the basis of revising the material design. The writer revised the design based on the
questionnaires, suggestions, and other needs. This step had the same purpose as step 6 and step 7 of the writer’s framework. Revision and evaluation step was
aimed to make a final revision before the materials design was applied. To make the explanation obvious, the writer made a figure 3.1 of steps of
the writer’s framework model which was in line with the steps of R D cycle the figure of those steps can be seen on the following page.
Through the explanation of each step of R D steps, the writer found out that the writer’s framework steps and R D cycle steps had the same purpose in
designing the materials. Furthermore, those steps could support each other to make the materials design.
B. Setting
In this research, the writer conducted the need analysis to obtain the data about what kind of designed set writing materials was needed by the eighth grade
students of SMPN 1 Kalikotes Klaten. The needs analysis was conducted in SMPN 1 Kalikotes Klaten, which is located at Tegalrejo Kalikotes, Klaten. The
questionnaire distribution was done on Thursday, 26
th
of November 2009. The interview for the teacher took place on Friday, 27
th
of November 2009.
Figure 3.1: the Comparison R D Cycle and The Writer’s Framework Model
Step 1. Research and information
collecting
Step 1. Needs survey
Step 2. Planning
Step 3. Develop Preliminary form
of the product
Step 4. Preliminary field testing
Step 5. Final product revision
Step 2. Stating goals, topics, and
general purposes
Step 3. Stating the learning
objectives
Step 4. Listing the subject content
Step 5. Developing the syllabus
Step 6. Selecting teachinglearning
activities
Step 8. Material evaluation
Step 9. Material revision
Step 7. Material design
C. Research Participants
There were two kinds of participants. The first participants of needs survey and the second was the participants of materials evaluation survey.
1. The participants of Needs Survey
The needs survey was intended to diagnose the learners’ needs, interests and difficulties. The questionnaires participants were 38 of eighth grade students
of SMPN 1 Kalikotes Klaten. Meanwhile, the participant of the interview was an eighth grade English teacher of SMPN 1 Kalikotes Klaten.
2. The Participants of the Survey on the Designed Material
The subjects of materials evaluation survey were five evaluators, including: a lecturer from the English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma
University, an English instructor, and three English teachers. The experts have the necessary knowledge and understanding about the appropriate English writing
materials of junior high school since they have experienced in concerning the level and the skill. The participants were to give comment and evaluation to the
designed materials. The description of the evaluators is shown as follows.
Table 3.1: The description of the evaluators
Evaluators Educational Background
Teaching Experience in Years S1 S2 S3 Other 5
5-10 10-15 15 English
teachers English
instructor English
lecturer
D. Research Instruments
The instruments used in this study were interview and questionnaires.
1. Interview
An interview is a way of gathering data or information by asking individuals some questions about their view or opinion of a certain topic. Ary,
Jacobs, and Razavieh 1990: 434 state that there are two types of interviews, namely structured and unstructured interviews. The second type will be preferred
in this since the answers needed will be in the form of information about participants’ opinions. The responses from the participant will be recorded by
using MP5. In this study, interview was conducted with an English teacher of SMPN 1
Kalikotes Klaten.
2. Questionnaire
There are two types of questionnaire namely structured and unstructured questionnaire Ary, Jacobs and Razavieh, 1990: 424. The structured or closed
form questionnaire contains questions and alternative answers. The participants chose the answers given. On the other hand, the unstructured or open form
questionnaire was given to the participants in form questions for criticism or suggestions. This research combined close and open forms of questionnaire to get
the specific opinion, feedback and evaluation on the design teaching from English teachers of junior high school.
E. Data Gathering Technique
The first data of the pre design survey would be gathered based on the interview with the English teachers of SMPN 1 Kalikotes Klaten. It was
conducted to get description that was more detailed on the learners’ needs and problem in writing class. The interview with English teachers of SMPN 1
Kalikotes Klaten was done according to the schedule. To collect the data on post design survey, the writer distributed closed and
open questionnaires in order to find out the evaluators’ suggestion and opinions in evaluating the designed materials. The evaluators were a lecturer, an English
instructor, and three English teachers. The result of the analysis of the data would be used to reconstruct the final version of the design instructional materials.
F. Data Analysis Technique
This research used a combination of closed and open forms of questionnaire distributed to the participants. The data, which were collected from
questionnaire in the form of scores, was analyzed. The score was counted to know the participants opinion. The type of questionnaires was intended to assess the
opinion of the respondents on the design writing instructional materials. The other data was gathered from open questionnaire in which the respondents were
supposed to give their own answers and convey some opinions, criticisms, suggestions, and evaluations on the designed instructional materials. The post
design survey was used to make an evaluation on the designing instructional materials and to arrange the final version.
The results of the survey can be concluded through four points of agreement to ach statement as illustrated in the table below.
Table 3.2: Points of Agreements in the Closed Form Questionnaire Points of agreement
Scores
Strongly disagree 1
Disagree 2 Agree 3
Strongly agree 4
According to Best 1970: 225, central tendency measurement deals with series of characteristics or scores. The points to be discussed in central tendency
are Mean, Median and Mode. The mean or arithmetic average is the average found by adding and dividing it by number of cases.
It also can be formulated as follows: ΣX
M = N
Notes: M =
Mean Σ
= Sigma Sum of X =
Scores N
= Number of Scores In this study, Mean Mn is a statistic that is used to find the tendency. The
following table presents them clearly.
Table 3.3: The Descriptive Statistics of the Participants’ Opinions
Notes: N
= Number of Scores Mn
= Mean
G. Research Procedure
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