F. Definition of Terms
This section presents the definition of terms which is intended to avoid confusion, misconception, namely instructional material design, writing, mind
mapping, SMP, SMPN 1 Kalikotes Klaten. The terms are:
1. Instructional Material Design
According to Hornby 1955: 619, instruction refers to the process of teaching; knowledge or teaching given, and design refers to the plan developed to
guide educational activity in a situation or the plan which can be inferred by an analyst of that activity Houle, 1978: 230.
In this study, instructional design is the instructional learning plan developed as a guideline for teaching educational knowledge or activity.
2. Writing
In this study, writing refers to as one way of expressing thinking – a performance process. The process of writing is a total learning experience that
includes what happens before the student writes pre-writing and what happens after the student writes post-writing Tiedt, 1989: 7. The student thinks, feels,
and experiences as he produces a piece of writing.
3. Mind Mapping
Mind mapping refers to ‘as a strategy for making notes on a topic, prior to writing’ Vannessa Steele, 2005. Mind mapping will show the students
understanding in learning writing process.
In this study, mind mapping is a structured strategy, which shows the hierarchical relationship of ideas, as opposed to an unstructured strategy, such as
brainstorming, in which students produce notes on paper randomly.
4. SMP
In Indonesia, SMP Sekolah Menengah Pertama refers to the so-called junior high school. It is the first three years in secondary level, namely seven,
eight, and nine. SMP adopts semester system. While in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Houle, 1995: 644 stated, “junior high school is a school for
young people in grades seven to nine”. In this study, the average age range in this grade is about 13 to 15 years old.
5. SMPN 1 Kalikotes, Klaten
In this study, the subject is eighth grades students of SMP Negeri 1 Kalikotes, Klaten, which is located at Tegalrejo Kalikotes Klaten. SMP Negeri 1
Kalikotes Klaten is a public school. For the seventh grade has six classes, eighth grade has six classes, and ninth grade has 5 classes. As the result, SMPN 1
Kalikotes, Klaten has 17 classes. This school has implemented School Based Curriculum since academic year of 20062007.
CHAPTER II REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE
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