In this study, mind mapping is a structured strategy, which shows the hierarchical relationship of ideas, as opposed to an unstructured strategy, such as
brainstorming, in which students produce notes on paper randomly.
4. SMP
In Indonesia, SMP Sekolah Menengah Pertama refers to the so-called junior high school. It is the first three years in secondary level, namely seven,
eight, and nine. SMP adopts semester system. While in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Houle, 1995: 644 stated, “junior high school is a school for
young people in grades seven to nine”. In this study, the average age range in this grade is about 13 to 15 years old.
5. SMPN 1 Kalikotes, Klaten
In this study, the subject is eighth grades students of SMP Negeri 1 Kalikotes, Klaten, which is located at Tegalrejo Kalikotes Klaten. SMP Negeri 1
Kalikotes Klaten is a public school. For the seventh grade has six classes, eighth grade has six classes, and ninth grade has 5 classes. As the result, SMPN 1
Kalikotes, Klaten has 17 classes. This school has implemented School Based Curriculum since academic year of 20062007.
CHAPTER II REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter offers a discussion of the related literature as the theoretical basic upon which the study outlined in Chapter I was laid. Chapter II discusses
A the theoretical description, and B the theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Description
This chapter explains the theoretical description that includes the theories concerning to the topic such as theories on the systems and instructional design,
Communicative Language Teaching CLT Approach, Writing, School Based Curriculum SBC, and Mind Mapping.
1. Instructional Design Models
One of the important points in designing the instructional materials is models of instructional materials design. The importance of these models is due to
their function as a guideline for the designed instructional materials. The models also tell the designer steps or stages to design the instructional materials.
In this study, two models of instructional design proposed by Kemp and Yalden are applied. The two models are combined because both have almost the
same clear steps in designing instructional materials. Kemp offers a flexible model, which lies on the existence of the concept that design and developmental
process may start from any step and then move back and forth to the other steps
8
