CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents some important points to answer the questions stated in the problem formulation. Chapter III discusses the research method, the
research participants, the research instruments, the data gathering technique and the data analysis technique.
A. Research Method
This research was intended to find out how a set of teaching writing using
mind mapping for the eighth grade of SMPN 1 Kalikotes Klaten was designed. In
this study, the writer applies Educational Research and Development RD as the method. According to Borg and Gall, R D is a process used to develop and
validate educational product 1983: 772. The goal of educational research is not to develop product, but rather to discover new knowledge through basic research
or to answer specific questions about practical problems through applied research p.772. R D methodology does bear a close relationship to the field
of instructional technology p.773. Instructional technology can be defined as the use of research-validated techniques to bring about prespecified learning
outcomes p.773-774. There are ten steps in the RD cycle as proposed by Borg and Gall 1983:
775, however in this study the writer only took the first five steps. The name of those steps are 1 research and information collecting, 2 planning, 3
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developing preliminary form of product, 4 preliminary field testing, and 5 final product revision. They writer took those steps because this study was designing
the material. There was product revision based on the results of the materials evaluation questionnaire.
The five steps of the method based on RD cycle were elaborated in following explanation. In order to know whether the writer’s framework was
appropriate to be included in each RD step or not, the writer also gave the explanation in those steps. It was also aimed to help the writer to prove that RD
steps and the writer’s framework were matched. The explanation of each step was
as follows. 1.
Research and Information Collecting
The survey was conducted to obtain as much information as possible from the learners, textbooks, and other sources as the foundation for designing and
developing the materials. The data for the survey study was collected through questionnaire and interview. The pre-design questionnaire had a purpose to find
out the learners’ interest, problems, and opinions for the needs analysis of the study. The results were used as the base in designing a set of English writing
instructional materials. Step 1 of the writer’s framework was in line with step 1 of RD.
2. Planning
Borg and Gall 1983: 779 categorize that the most important aspect in planning is stating the specific objectives to be achieved by the product.
Furthermore, objectives also regarded as the basis for developing material. The
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