What is writing Writing

Figure 2.3: The Main Components of the Writing Process Clifford, 1991: 41 The circle, on the left, refers to the initial stage in writing to write, which is to generate messages, the ideas, and the contents. The second circle, on the right, refers to organizing these ideas to suit the purpose. The final circle, at the bottom, refers to the tools used to convey this desired message, e.g., the vocabulary, syntax, morphology, punctuation, etc.

b. Teacher Roles

According to Harmer 2007: 329, teachers need to help students build the writing habit so that students recognize writing as being a normal part of classroom practice. Hence, Harmer 330-331 states when teacher ask students to write, the ones that are especially important are as a motivator, as a resource, and as a feedback provider. GENERATING THE MESSAGE ORGANIZING THE IDEAS FINDING THE LANGUAGE AND WRITING CONVENTIONS GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY, PUNCTUATION, ETC. 1 Motivator The teacher will motivate the students to make paragraphs by creating the right condition for generating ideas. The teacher persuades the students to make useful activity in class. The teacher also encourages the students to make as much effort as possible for maximum benefit Harmer, 2007: 330 2 Resource According to Harmer 330, the teacher should be ready to supply information and language where necessary. The students could believe that the teacher are always available and be prepared to look at their work, offering advice and suggestion. 3 Feedback provider Feedback provider is an important actor in the writing process. The teacher task is to ‘respond positively and encouragingly to the content of what the students have written’ 331. The teacher will consider the correction based on the students’ need.

c. General Principle for Teaching Writing

The National Council of Teachers of English, Commission on Composition, as quoted by Norton 1980: 271-272, puts forth some general principles they believe essential both in planning the writing curriculum and in teaching writing as follows: