Paraphrasing Summary Writing BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)

Part 2: Elements of Writing

1. Cause and Effect

3a leads toresults in 3b Because ofOwing toDue to 3c leads tocausesresults inproduces 3d thereforeconsequentlywhich is why 3e leads tocausesresults in 4a because ofdue toowing to 4b becausesince 4c consequentlytherefore 4d due toowing tobecause of 4e because ofdue toowing to 4f sothereforethusconsequently 5 Model answer: This results in people having more money to spend, and so leads to higher spending on goods and services. The increased demand for goods and services results in lower unemployment, and consequently the government has a higher income because it spends less on social security.

2. Cohesion

2 they this the former the latter these 3 villagers kerosene and diesel not being affordable villagers’ kerosene and diesel from kerosene and diesel 4a They 4b he 4c them 4d This 4e his 4f he 5a It 5Ab her 5Ac She 5Ad him 5Ae Theyshe 5Af Their 5Ag she 5Ah his 5Ba Their 5Bb their 5Bc They 5Bd their 5Be Their 5Bf the former

3. Comparisons

3a slightly more expensive than 3b considerablysignificantly cheaper than 3c slightly cheaper than 3d considerablysignificantly more expensive than 7a least 7b slightly 7c nearlyalmost 7d as 7e most 7f than 7g half 7h as 8a most 8b less 8c more 8d than 8e slightly 8f on 8g as 8h smallestleast 9a shows 9b longesthighest 9c longest 9d On 9e than 9f the 9g slightly 10 Model answer: The highest rate is found in Greece 8.3 per day, and the lowest is in Norway 1.7. Although many countries are close to the EU average of 4.5, the northern Scandinavian countries all have low rates of smoking. 11. Model answer: Alcohol consumption in Europe averages 11.1 litres per adult per year, but within this there are wide variations. The highest consumption is found in France 14.1, while the Norwegians only consume one-third of this figure 4.8.

4. Definitions

2a instrumentdevice 2b organs 2c organisationcorporation 2d material 2e behaviour 2f systemprocess 2g periodtime 2h system 3a process refine liquids 3b persondoctor mental problems 3c qualificationdegree a dissertationthesis 3d bodyorganisation its members’ interests 3e disease a mosquito-borne parasite 3f cerealgrain making flour 4a a failed project 4b development 4c electronic commerce 4d attachment 4e self-brightening Model answers: 5a capital punishment execution carried out by state, often by hanging 5b department store large shop that sells most types of goods in different areas