Developing Plans from Titles

7b i 7c iv 7d vi 7e ii 7f iii 9a Higher Education 9b depending on country chosen, recent developmentsdebate on HE could be mentioned 9c reference could be made to rising student numbersdebate about costs who should payvalue of research for economic development 9d essay could focus geographically on one or two countries, either similar or different economically historically the discussion could be limited to the past tentwentyfifty years 9e plan will depend on decisions made in c above 10 Model answer: The last two decades have seen a steady increase in demand for higher i.e. university-level education worldwide. Rising costs in this sector have put pressure on national budgets, causing many countries to attempt to shift some of the cost to the students, often in the form of loans. A degree generally remains the key to better jobs and opportunities, yet if students have to pay a greater share of the cost this will discriminate against poorer families. This essay examines the question of access to university by comparing the situation in a developed country, the United States, with a developing country, Turkey.

14. Conclusions

1a ii 1b iii 1c v 1d iv 1e ii 1f i 1g ii 1h iv 2 Neither conclusion is complete – synthesis is required. 2a Summary of discussion 2b Limitations of studyproposals for future research 3 Suggested order variations possible: Summary of main findings Reference to comparative studies or implications of findings Limitations of research Proposals for further research 4 Model answer: Summary: The results suggest that culture was only one factor in determining successful adaptation. Older students, those with previous experience of living abroad, and those with better language proficiency all seemed to adapt better. Implications: The findings suggest that students should possibly study abroad when they are more mature, and that they should aim for a higher level of language ability before they leave home. Limitations: Although this was quite a large survey only about 30 of overseas students at the university were involved. Some national groups were under-represented. Proposals: As we are not aware of other previous research in this field, it would be useful to replicate the study in another university, possibly with a different cross-section of overseas students, to see if similar results emerged.

15. Re-reading and Re-writing

4 Model answer: Despite this, there are significant differences between the structure and workings of the higher education system in the two countries. This essay attempts to compare the admission procedures, length of courses for first and higher degrees, teaching methods, assessment procedures and systems of financial support for students. These areas have been selected as being of central importance for a valid comparison. 5 Model answer: The need for education is crucial in any field. Technology has become critical for economic development, and higher levels of education are constantly demanded by the modern workplace, in both manufacturing and the service sector. Scientific research is clearly related to higher education. The possession of natural resources is no longer so critical for development. Take Japan, a country with few natural riches, where most of the land is mountainous, but which now is one of the world’s strongest economies. Effective education, linked with a powerful work ethic and stable government, has allowed Japan to reach this position in a short period of time.

16. Proof-Reading

1a v poverty 1b iv there were