Finish the sentences in a suitable way.

1. Compare these sentences:

The efficiency of the machine depends on the precision of its construction. Precise construction results in an efficient machine. The first sentence uses the nouns efficiency and precision. The second uses adjectives: precise and efficient. Although the meaning is similar the first sentence is more formal. Effective academic writing requires accurate use of both forms, which can be easily confused.

2. Underline and correct the mistakes in the following:

a Some areas of the capital are not safety. b Various culture patterns in French society need to be considered. c The deep of the lake is calculated at 550 metres. d A health diet includes fresh fruit and vegetables.

3. Complete the gaps in the table below.

Noun Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Adjective height reliability heat strong confident true width probability necessity long dangerous relevant

4. Insert a suitable noun or adjective from the table in each sentence.

a These data appear not to be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and should not be trusted. b The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the matter may never be known, since all the records are lost. c There is a strong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . that coffee prices will fall next year. d In some places the River Zambesi is more than three kilometres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e The results are so surprising it will be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to repeat the experiment. f It is not easy to see the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of art history to engineering. g Regularly backing-up computer files reduces the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of losing vital work. h Revising for exams is a tedious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i The building’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is due to its massive steel frame. j . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the banking system was destroyed by years of inflation. 5. Underline the adjectives in each sentence for which it is possible to form a related noun. Write the noun in brackets. Example: Few patients are likely to suffer side-effects from the drug. likelihood

9. Nouns and Adjectives

a Various methods of dealing with the spread of malaria were suggested. . . . . . . . . b Dr Lee adopted an analytical approach to the inquiry. . . . . . . . . c Antibiotics were not available in the first half of the 20th century. . . . . . . . . d Her major contribution to the research was her study of folklore in Spain. . . . . . . . . e The precise number of people affected by the earthquake is unknown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f Some progress was made in the theoretical area. . . . . . . . . g A frequent complaint is that too much work is expected in the first semester. . . . . . . . . h We took a more critical approach to irrigation. . . . . . . . . i The Department of Social Policy is offering three courses this year. . . . . . . . . j Finally, the practical implications of my findings will be examined. . . . . . . . .

6. Complete the gaps in the table below.

Noun Adjective Noun Adjective approximation approximate particular superiority reason strategic synthetic politics economy industrial cultural exterior average

7. Complete the sentences with nouns or adjectives from the table above.

a The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . consequences of the war were inflation and unemployment. b 365.25 days is an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of the length of the solar year. c One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of British weather is that it is very changeable. d All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doors are fitted with security systems. e They attempted to make a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of all the different proposals. f The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . length of time patients have to wait is 34.6 weeks. g The traditional idea that the sun went round the earth was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , but wrong. h Ancient Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . was highly developed in areas such as poetry and ceramics.