Introductions BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)

5a Unemployment in 1989 was higher than in 1979 or 1999. 5b Inflation was higher in 1979 than in 1989 or 1999. 5c House prices rose dramatically between 1979 and 1989. 5d Interest rates were slightly higher in 1989 than in 1979, and were much lower in 1999. 6a be over 60. 6b double by 2100. 6c young populationsa small proportion of over 60s. 6d fall in its total populationa doubling of the population over 60. 6e have a significant population of older peoplea larger proportion of over 60s. 7a Two common dreams are being chased and falling. 7b A majority have dreamed about the dead. 7c Dreaming about the future is quite common. 7d Food dreams may be linked to dieting. 7e A minority dream of finding money.

8. Numbers

2a Few people … 2b They received scores of … 2c She made various … 2d He found dozens… 2e They made several … Model answers: 4a Three-quarters of the people interviewed said that they supported the president. 4b The average number of students on the course has been 24. 4c The price of petrol has increased eight times-fold since 1965. 4d Two-thirds of the students in the group were women. 4e The new type of train halved the journey time to Madrid. 4f The majority of the students studied law. 4g There has been a 50 rise in the numbers applying to this department this year. 5b The numbers doubled every year between 1998 and 2000. 5c More than twice as many students complete their first degree course in Britain, compared with Italy. 5d Tap water is much cheaper than bottled water. 5e Only a small percentageproportion of women believed that they had the same rights as men. Over a third complained that they had far fewer rights. 5f Life expectancy for men in the UK rose by 50 during the twentieth century. 5g The cost of the same operation varies by 50 between hospitals in … 5h The area of forest in England fell by 2 ⁄ 3 between 1086 and 1870.

9. References and Quotations

2 a, d and e need references. 5 Model answers: 5a Orwell 1940 stated that Dickens rarely writes directly about work. He claimed that most of Dickens’ characters, except David Copperfield, have shadowy occupations, and that Copperfield works in areas very similar to Dickens’ own experience. 5b Orwell pointed out that Dickens infrequently described his characters’ jobs clearly: ‘In Dickens’ novels anything in the nature of work happens off-stage. The only one of his heroes who has a plausible profession is David Copperfield …’ Orwell, 1940: pp. 54–55 5c According to Orwell 1940, few of Dickens’ characters have a convincing profession, with the exception of David Copperfield, who follows Dickens’ own career. ‘With most of the others, the way they earn their living is very much in the background.’ pp. 54–55 8a alphabetically 8bi authordate of publicationtitleplace of publicationpublisher 8bii authordate of publicationtitleeditormain titleplace of publicationpublisher 8biii authortitleURLaccess date 8biv authorarticle titlejournal nameissuepage number 8c book and journal titles 8d for titles of books but not articles 8e under the title of the publication

10. Academic Style

Model answers: 4a It is widely believed that the railways are deteriorating. 4b Serious crime, such as murder, is increasing. 4c The figures in that report are not reliable. 4d The second factor is that the majority of children in that district may become criminals. 4e There appears to be a significant risk of further strikes and disorder. 4f Women were enfranchised in 1994. 4g The Russian inflation led to poverty and disease. 4h A malaria vaccine may be discovered in the next ten years.