Synonyms Visual Information BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
11. Passives
2a The data was collected and the two groups were compared. 2b 120 people in three social classes were interviewed. 2c The results were checked and several errors were found. 3a 40 of the houses in the port were badly damaged by a storm. 3b The company was efficiently run by the Connors family until 1981. 3c The house was conveniently built near the station. 3d The portrait of the old man was brilliantly painted by Picasso. 3e Pencils for all the students in the exam were helpfully provided. 3f Over 550 people were regularly tested for the disease by doctors over a three-year period. 3g The percentages were precisely calculated to three decimal places by researchers. 3h Their business was optimistically called the Universal Trading Company. 4 Passives was worn out was born was called was helped was taken over was assisted 5 not all – was born must be passive Compare some sentences changed into the active, e.g. ‘On his death in 1860 his wife took over the business, and soon their 10 year-old son Jesse assisted her.’ This reads rather clumsily compared with the original. 6 Suggested changes others possible: they were married – they married the factories were used to make – the factories made Boots was sold – he sold Boots Boots was bought by a British group – a British group bought Boots sugar was produced – the factories produced12. Prefixes and Suffixes
3 auto by itself co together ex i previous ii outside micro small multi many over too much post later re again sub below under i below ii not enough 4a social class at bottom of society 4b more tickets sold than seats available 4c very local climate 4d economy based on information not production 4e not listed in the telephone book 4f part of the mind not fully conscious 8a noun – something that is no longer offered 8b adjective – not able to be forecast 8c adjective – two related events at the same time 8d adjective – able to be sold 8e adverb – without cooperationParts
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» The Writing Process BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Almost all essays, reports and articles have the same basic pattern of organisation:
» Underline the key terms in the following titles and decide what you are being asked to do.
» The previous sentences can be evaluated as follows:
» Compare the two extracts below:
» Register. Compare the tone, or register, of the following:
» In the following text, three key points are in italic. Decide on their order of importance.
» Underline four key points in the following text.
» What are the main reasons for note-making? Add to the ideas below.
» Effective note-making is part of a sequence. What comes before and after?
» Techniques. Find synonyms for the words in italic.
» Change the word class of the words in italic, and then re-write the sentences.
» Change the word order of the following sentences.
» Combine all these techniques to paraphrase the paragraph as fully as possible.
» Use the same techniques to paraphrase the following text.
» Complete the following notes of the key points.
» Read the example, from a study of women’s experience of prison.
» The essay writer uses a mixture of direct quotes and summaries of arguments.
» Decide which of the three frameworks in 2 would be most suitable for the following titles.
» topic 2. restatement BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Using the second set of notes, write the next paragraph of the essay.
» topic 2. detail BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» detail 4. detail BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Using the next set of notes, write the third paragraph.
» topic 2. 4. BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» The structure of the main body depends on the length of the essay and the subject of study.
» Shorter essays in exams, for example tend to have simpler structures:
» Write the introduction about 100 words, using your answers from 9 and the notes provided below.
» Not every academic essay has a conclusion.
» The following may be found in conclusions. Decide on the most suitable order for them A–E.
» Study the notes for the essay below and write a conclusion in about 100 words.
» Elements of Writing BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Complete the following sentences with a suitable verb or conjunction.
» Use conjunctions to complete the following paragraph.
» Study the flowchart and complete the paragraph that describes it.
» The form as Note the variety of forms possible:
» Moreless, the mostthe least followed by adjective, the mostthe fewest related to number
» Complete the following description of the table in 3 above one word per gap:
» Study the table and complete the text below one word per gap.
» Study the table below and complete the paragraph comparing life
» Complete the following paragraph comparing cigarette smoking in Europe.
» Write another paragraph comparing alcohol intake in Europe.
» Select several terms from your own subject area and write extensive definitions for them.
» There are two basic outlines for a discussion essay:
» Find a suitable example for each sentence.
» Provide examples in the following paragraph where they appear necessary.
» Decide if you agree with the following:
» There are two ways of making a generalisation:
» Read the following text and underline the generalisations.
» Study the table. BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Study the table below and complete the generalisations.
» Read this text about dreams and write five generalisations using the data.
» Discussing statistical data is a necessary part of much academic writing:
» Percentages are commonly used for expressing rates of change:
» Study the following expressions, which are also used to simplify statistics.
» Re-write the following sentences to present the data in a simpler way.
» a Summary of a writer’s ideas.
» Organising the bibliographyreferences BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Russell, T. 1995 ‘A future for coffee?’ Journal of Applied Marketing 6 pp. 14–1
» Re-write the following paragraphs in better style.
» Student admissions by subject2002
» Find synonyms for the words and phrases in italic. The language of change
» Complete the following description of the chart below.
» Accuracy in Writing BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» All academic subjects employ abbreviations to save time.
» Adverbs are used in academic texts in a variety of ways.
» Adverbs linked to verbs and adjectives usually fall into three groups.
» Adverbs used individually need to be employed with care.
» Insert a suitable adverb from the table into the gaps in the sentences.
» The following adverbs are used to describe changes in the rate of something:
» Unless they are uncountable, all nouns need an article when used in the singular.
» In general, the is used with:
» A cautious style is necessary in some areas of academic writing:
» Caution is needed to avoid making statements that are too simplistic:
» Rewrite the following sentences in a more cautious way.
» Finish the sentences in a suitable way.
» Study the list below and find the meaning in each case.
» Use a suitable modal of obligation to complete the following.
» Most nationalities have a regular pattern of nouns and adjectives.
» Some nationalities are less regular.
» Write similar sentences to those above about two of the following:
» The definite article is used with a few countries:
» Another group of uncountable nouns is used for materials:
» Complete the gaps in the following paragraph with muchmanylittlefew.
» An adverb is often inserted in a passive form:
» Prefixes. Common prefixes. Find the meanings of each prefix.
» Suggest possible meanings for the words in italic.
» Meaning suffixes. Give the word class and suggest possible meanings for:
» Study each sentence and find the meaning of the words in italic.
» The following verbs are generally used with these prepositions:
» Complete the following with suitable verbs and prepositions.
» Choose suitable verbs and prepositions from 1 and 3 to complete the following text.
» Semi-colons ;. Colons :. BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Punctuate the text. BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Referring verbs are used to summarise another writer’s ideas.
» Most of these verbs are followed by a noun clause beginning with that.
» Write a sentence referring to what the following writers said more than one verb may be suitable.
» In defining clauses both that and which can be used with things.
» Insert a suitable relative pronoun in the text below. Write X if the pronoun is optional.
» Complete the following sentences by selecting the most suitable tenses.
» Simple or continuous? Select either simple or continuous in each case:
» Study the use of the following:
» Compare the use of the following phrases.
» Choose the best alternative in each case.
» Writing Models BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Write a reply to Mr Bramble making the following points:
» CV stands for curriculum vitae also known as a resumé.
» Background to Writing BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Developing Plans from Titles
» Evaluating a Text BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Understanding Purpose and Register
» Selecting Key Points Note-Making
» Paraphrasing Summary Writing BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Combining Sources Planning a Text
» Organising Paragraphs BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Introductions BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Conclusions BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Re-reading and Re-writing Proof-Reading
» Comparisons Definitions BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Discussion BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Numbers References and Quotations Academic Style
» Synonyms Visual Information BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Articles Caution Conjunctions BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Formality in Verbs Modal Verbs
» Passives Prefixes and Suffixes
» Prepositions BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
» Prepositions after Verbs Punctuation
» Referring Verbs Relative Pronouns
» SingularPlural BUKU | SAIDNA ZULFIQAR BIN TAHIR (VIKAR)
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