KINERJA, Volume 16, No.1, Th. 2012: Hal. 63-72
68 The formation of traditional village desa adat should comply with such conditions as: 1 having a area
with particular borders called palemahan desa, 2 having the villagers called pawongan desa, 3 having a pura or temple as a center of worship ceremony for the villagers that is called kahyangan tiga, and 4 having a traditional
administration pemerintahan adat that is based on the awig-awig traditional custom rules of village.
How do the Balinese maintain a balanced relationship with God? They make it by performing various kinds of ceremonial rites with all their offerings. How do they preserve the harmonious relationship with other humans.
This is done not only by common activities mostly relating to how the people preserve the relationship with God and environment such as having gotong-royong in the temple, sangkep at banjar and having gotong-royong in
cleaning the surrounding environment, but also relected by the ceremonies relating to the human ceremony, which is yadnya
. There are numerous ceremonies closely relating to the yadnya man, such as 1 the magedong- gedongan
7-month pregnancy, 2 baby birth, 3 the kepus puser, 4 the ngelepas hawon when a baby is 12 days old relating the naming of a baby, the kambuhan of 42 days age, the nelu bulanin a baby of 3 months
old based on Bali calendar, the satu oton 6 months, the teeth growing ngempugin, the ceremony of irst tooth loose makupak
, the menek deha rajaswala, the teeth cutting and so on. While how the people preserve the harmonious relation with the surrounding environment is relected by many ceremonies such as tumpek landep,
which is specially performed to appreciate to keep balance the existence of animals and plants. Therefore, the Balinese culture with its ideology of Tri Hita Karana-nya cannot be taken apart from the life of
the people through their various unique ceremonial rites. All these attract the foreign tourists to visit the island. The question is that whether this ideology affects the economic growth of Bali Province.
3. METHOD
This study focused on the effects of the tri hita karana as a traditional culture of the Balinese and Gross
Regional Domestic Product on the economic growth of three regenciesmunicipality: Badung, Gianyar, and Denpasar City during the time periods of 1985 – 2010. These three regions were selected because of their unique
characteristics compared to other regions in which they are centers of tourism development in Bali. It was conducted using quantitative approach for the analysis of the effects of the tri hita karana and Gross
Regional Domestic Product on the economic growth of the three regions: Badung, Gianyar and City of Denpasar. Data of the study were fully secondary ones consisting of: 1 data of gross regional domestic product of
Badung and Gianyar Regencies and Denpasar City during the periods of 1985 – 2010 on the basis of constant prices of 2000 obtained from the Gross Regional Domestic Product data of the three regions from the Statistical
Bureau ofice of Bali Province; 2 data of ceremonial and festival expenditures spent by the Balinese in the three regions as proxies of the tri hita karana variable.
Given the observed data were time series and cross sections, then the statistical analysis used the pooled regressions model. The time series
data encompassed those from periods of 1985-2010, while cross sections ones were taken from the three regions in Bali.
There are some advantages obtained by using the panel data. Firstly, the panel data as combination of time series and cross section data were capable of providing more data so that they will result in greater degree of
freedom. Secondly, combining the information from the time series and cross section data will deal with the problem emerging in case of the variables was omitted.
In general, using two panels we could produce the different intercept and coeficient slope in every regency municipality and every period of time. For this reason, the estimation of the regression of the panel data highly
depended on the assumption we have made regarding intercept, slope coeficient and its distracting variables. There were some possibilities to emerge, including: 1 it was assumed that the intercept and slope were constant
all the time long and individual regenciesmunicipality and the difference of intercept and slope were made clear by the distracting variables; 2 it was assumed that the slope was constant but the intercept was different among
the individual; 3 it was assumed that the slope was constant but the intercept was different both inter-individual and between individual; 4 it was assumed that the intercept and slope were different between individuals; and 5
Effects of Tri Hita Karana Tradition and Gross Regional Domestic Income on the Economic I Ketut Nama
69 it was assumed that the intercept and slope were different between times and individuals.
There were some methods commonly used in estimating the regression model of the panel data, one of which was the assumption that the slope was constant but the intercept was different between individuals Fixed
Effect .
Based on the predetermined variables, the speciication of the model in this study was:
where: i
= regencymunicipality 1,2,3 t
= years 1985, 1986, …, 2010 THK
it
= tri hita karana
proxy from the ceremonial and festival expenditures in the three regencies: Badung, Gianyar and Denpasar City.
PDRBPK
it
= Per Capita Gross Regional Domestic Product of the regenciesmunicipality Gr
i
= the regional economic growth of Badung, Gianyar and Denpasar City b
1
, = elasticity coeficient
4. RESULTS
