Example: ST: It seems that he can
‟t do it.
TT: Kelihatannya, dia tidak bisa melakukannya. c
Low degree It shows someone expression who has a little or weak certainly in his or
her statement. The word may be, guess, perhaps, might, can, and possibly can be one of representations. In Bahsa Indonesia it can be represented by kalau-kalau,
barangkali, bisa jadi, mungkin, kemungkinan, dapat, bisa, bisa saja, boleh, rasanya, duga, kalau saja.
Example: ST: I guess Jody come to ruin Indah
‟s birthday party.
TT: Kurasa, Jody datang untuk merusak pesta ulang tahun Indah.
2 Usuallity
It occurs when someone expresses something that he or she does most of the time or something routines. Usuallity can divided into three levels, high,
medium, and low. The explanation about each degree can be seen below. a
High degree It expresses something that is done or felt by someone almost all the
time. In other word, this activity becomes his or her routine activity, the word
always and every can be some of representations. In Bahasa Indonesia can be represented by setiap, and selalu.
Example: ST: I wake up at 5 o
‟clock every morning.
TT: Saya bangun jam 5 setiap pagi. b
Medium degree It occurs when someone quite routine in doing his or her activity. The
words usually, often, and frequently can be some of the representations. The words seringkali, biasanya, and berkala is the representations in Bahasa
Indonesia. Example:
ST: Deni usually come to the caffe when he is bored. TT: Deni biasanya datang ke kafe saat merasa bosan.
c Low degree
It is used when someone expresses or feels something that almost he or she does not do. It is often indicated by sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely,
or never. In Bahasa Indonesia it can be represted by kadang, terkadang, sesekali, jarang, pernah, tidak pernah.
Example:
ST: I never read this book. TT: Saya tidak pernah membaca buku ini.
b. Modulation 1 Obligation
It can be used to ask someone to do something for us, ask permission, give an advice, demanding, and direction. Obligation is divided in three degrees.
The explanation about the degrees can be seen below. a
High degree It occurs when someone asks someone else to do something as a
necessity. It is indicated by need to, must, have to, ought to, obligate to, required to are the example of words that realize obligation in high degree. The words
harus, wajib, mesti, perlu, mau tak mau, jangan are the representations in Bahasa Indonesia.
Example: ST: You have to finish your study.
TT: Kamu harus menyelesaikan sekolahmu. b
Medium degree It is used when someone asks someone else to do something in more
flexible statement than the first one. It can indicate by would, should, shall, will, let, supposed to are some words that realize obligation in medium degree. In
Bahasa Indonesia it can be represented by seharusnya, semestinya, diminta, ayo, mari, maukah, sudikah, akankah, disuruh.
Example: ST: Le
t‟s find other hotels.
TT: Ayo kita cari hotel lain. c
Low degree It shows the obligation expression that can indicate by weak statement.
It represented by may, might, can, could, allowed to, allow are the example of words that realize obligation in low degree. In Bahasa Indonesia it can be
represented by diizinkan and mengizinkan. Example:
ST: You are allowed to go to the beach. TT: Kamu diperbolehkan pergi ke pantai.
2 Inclination
Commonly, it occurs when someone has a desire to do something for others. It means the expressions of willingness and capability. Inclination is
divided into three degrees, those are high, medium, and low. Below are the explanation of the degrees.
a High degree
It is the condition when someone tries to do something for someone else, seems like necessity. It is indicated by using determined to and need to are
some words that realize inclination in high degree. In Bahasa Indonesia it can be representted by bertekad, harus, hendak, mesti.
Example: ST: I
‟m determined to finish my thesis this year.
TT: Aku harus menyelesaikan skripsiku tahun ini. b
Medium degree It shows the inclination expressions more flexible than the first one. It is
can be indicate by want to, keen, hope, pray, and wish. Ingin, kepingin, maksud, bermaksud, berkemauan, berniat, semoga, mudah-mudahan are some words that
represented inclination in Bahasa Indonesia. Example:
ST: I wish, I can be the winner. TT: Aku berharap bisa menjadi pemenang.
c Low degree
It shows someone ‟s desire in a weak statement. It is indicated by
can, and willing. In Bahasa Indonesia it can be represented by bisa and dapat.
Example:
ST: I can be your friend. TT: Aku bisa menjadi temanmu.
2. Unrealized Expression
There are several causes of unrealized expressions, first, it occurs when the modalization or modulation expressions in the source text as the phonic
channel is not represented in the target text as the graphic channel. Second, there is no modalization and modulation in the source text, but they have the realization
in the target text. For the last, there is realization in the source text, but in the target text is not considered. In this case the source text is English text as the
phonic channel that changed into graphic channel, and the target text is Bahasa Indonesia as the graphic channel.
Example: ST: I always take care of you.
TT: Selama ini aku sudah merawatmu. On the example above, there is realization of modalization i.e usuality
in the source text, on the high degree. But in the target text the translator does not translate the clause I always related to usuality expression. So, it can be concluded
that there is unrealized expression. According to the statement above,
it can be concluded that modalization and modulation expressions from English text as the phonic channel
into Bahasa Indonesia text as the graphic channel were analyzed in realized and unrealized form.
a. Equivalent meaning
The meaning equivalence of modalization and modulation expressions in the English-Bahasa Indonesia movie text is related to semantic, especially the
interpersonal meaning. In addition, the target text must convey the meaning completely from the degree of equivalence with the source text, in term of
reference, context, and content. In this case, the meaning can be equivalent or non equivalent. The researcher processes the analysis of each sentence and possibly
inter-sentence or clause in order to know the interpersonal meaning equivalence, explicitly and implicitly.
i. Fully equivalent meaning It occurs when the modalization and modulation expressions in the
English text as the phonic channel are the same as Bahasa Indonesia text as the graphic channel completely and explicitly in the content of information. It also
can be transferred implicitly if an expression in a sentence has represented in previous or next sentences. On the other hand, it occurs when two sentences in
English text are translated into once sentence in Bahasa Indonesia and vice versa. Example:
ST: I thought you are my friend. TT: Kupikir kamu temanku.
ii. Partly equivalent meaning It occurs when those expressions in the English text as the phonic
channel not completely or partly translated into Bahasa Indonesia text as the
graphic channel in content of information. For instance, some information inthe English text may not be found in Bahasa Indonesia text.
Example: ST: I think you must decide.
TT: Harus Hana yang memutuskan.
b. Non equivalent Meaning
i. Different meaning
It occurs when the target text have different meaning from the Source Text. All or almost information contents of the expressions in source text in this
case English text phonic channel are represented in the words Bahasa Indonesia that have different meaning.
Example: ST: You may eat lots of pancake.
TT: Kamu tidak harus makan panekuk. ii. Completely no meaning
It occurs when all the information in source text is not found or there is no meaning in Bahasa Indonesia text. It happens when the expressions in the
English text are unrealized in Bahasa Indonesia text. Example:
ST: Oh Dear, how poor you are. TT: -
C. Analytical Construct
The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of modalization and modulation expressions in the sentences of the English-Bahasa Indonesia movie
text of Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. Firstly, the researcher identified the realization of modalization and modulation expressions in the English-Bahasa
Indonesia texts and considered them as a research data. Then, she recorded them in the data analysis table and she made the analysis viewed from the interpersonal
meaning, with respect to the degree of meaning equivalence, either equivalent meaning or non-equivalent meaning.
Finally, the reseacher would take the inferences from the result of realization and meaning equivalence of modalization and modulation expressions
in the English-Bahasa Indonesia movie texts of Sherlock Holmes: A game of Shadows.
Translation Lingual Translation
Non-Lingual Translation Lingual and Non-Lingual
Intralingual Interlingual
Intersemiotic
Multilingual Bilingual
Simultaneous Non-Simultaneous
Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows English Movie Texts
Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows Bahasa Indonesia Movie Texts
PhonologyGraphology Lexicogrammar
‘writing’ Semantics
Realizations
Realized Expressions Unrealized Expressions
Ideational Interpersonal
Textual Mood
Modality
Modalization Expressions Modulation Expressions
Meaning Degree equivalent
Fully Equivalent
Equivalent Partly
Equivalent Different
meaning No-equivalent
No meaning
Valuing
Figure 03. Analytical Construct
A. Research Type CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
Content analysis was a research technique for making replicate and valid infers from data to their content. It was aimed at providing a sophisticated
description or illustration of a phenomenon. The phenomena that were described in this research were the modality expressions of English-Bahasa Indonesia movie
subtitle entitled Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows and their impact on the degree of equivalence of it.
This study would be a descriptive-qualitative research, because it provide natural data, whereas, the researcher did not apply any experiment. In
analyzing the data realting to the context of modalization and modulation expressions in the subtitling text, she applied a context analysis method.
B. Data and Data Sources
The object of this research was a movie entitled Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. The movie was a form of audiovisual. In this study, the data of
the research would be taken from the dialogue or utterances, which was in English and their Indonesian translation or subtitle focusing on the modality expressions.
The data in this research were clause units containing modality expressions. The movie form was DVD Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows consisting of one
disc. Since the object was movie entitled Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows,
41
the sources of the data was English text phonic channel and Indonesian text graphic channel.
C. Data Collection Techniques
The process of data collecting in this research used the content analysis technique. In using this technique, the researcher took all data that support the
research questions. In the meantime, the chosen data led to the focus of the research. In collecting the related data, the researcher was listening, watching,
reading, and note taking. The researcher observed the object by listening and watching the dialog or utterance of the movie, and reading the Indonesian subtitle
of Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows carefully and comprehensively. Then by note taking, the modality expressions found in the movie was collected into the
data sheet.
D. Research Instruments
The primary instrument of this research was the researcher herself. The researcher was involved in all process of the research observation, analysis, and
interpreting data. The secondary instrument of this research were original DVD Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, laptop, dicitionaries, and data sheet that
was used to note the modality expressions that found in movie of Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. The data sheet can be seen over leaf.
