Lastly, the definition of translation in general dictionary, is defined as: 1 the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another
language 2 a text of work that has been changed from one language into another Oxford Advanced Learne
r’s Dictionary. However, all of those definitions of translation above which is say that translation must deal with two or more
different languages can be categorized into, according to Jakobson in Bassnett, 2002:23, interlingual translation that will be explained in the
following discussion
b. Types of Translation
Roman Jakobson in his seminar paper ‘On linguistic aspects of
translat ion’ cited in Bassnett 2002:23, distinguishes three types of translation:
1 Intralingual Translation which is an interpretation of verbal signs by
means of other signs of the same language. 2
Interlingual Translation which is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language.
3 Intersemiotic Translation which is an interpretation of verbal signs by
means of signs of nonverbal sign systems Firstly, intralingual translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by
means of other signs of the same language. It occurs when an expression or text are rephrased in the same language in order to explain or clarify something said or
written. In addition, interlingual translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other languages, for example, English into Bahasa Indonesia.
Thirdly, intersemiotic translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of
signs of non-verbal signs. It occurs when written text was translated, for example, into music, film, or painting.
c. Process of Translation
Process of translation is an activity of a person translator when doing translation. Nida has three steps of translation process that can be used by a
translator: 1 analysis, 2 transferring, and 3 restructuring 1975: 80. The scheme can be seen below:
Source Language
Receptor Language
Text Translation
Analysis Transfer
Restructuring
Figure 01. Process of Translation Nida, 1975: 80
Nida states, “the process of analysis is, however, relatively complex,
for they involve at least three different sets of features: the grammatical relationships between constituent parts, the referential meanings of the semantic
units, and the connotative values of the grammatical structures and the semantic unit
s.” 1975:80. Each step can be explained as follows: 1
Analysis : In this phase, the translator must be understand the content or the message, and the meaning of the source language text based on the
context, to decide the right word in translating. Therefore, the translator must have the knowledge of both sources.
