Research Objectives MODALIZATION AND MODULATION EXPRESSIONS OF THE ENGLISH-BAHASA INDONESIA IN GUY RITCHIE’S SHERLOCK HOLMES: A GAME OF SHADOWS MOVIE TEXTS.

between two different languages involves the activity of translator conveying message of source text in the source language into target text in different language or the target language. Translating is not only about transferring languages but also about cultures. “Translation is not just the transfer of texts from one language into another, it is now rightly seen as a process of negotiation between texts and between cultures, a process during which all kinds of transactions take place mediated by the figure of the translator. ” Bassnett, 2002: 6. Similarly, on their book, A Companion to Translation Study, Piotr Kuhiwczak and Karin Littau 2007: 23 describe translation is not only about language but also culture, for the two are inseparable. A translator needs to know the language as well as the culture of the country of the information or text from that he would like to translate. The cultural aspect is very important in translation because culture is embedded in language. Mostly, the information that people would like to transfer are in texts, whether it is from books, articles, brochures, or anything else. From texts, linguistic acts take place in a context and texts are created in a continuum or one series. The culture in translation studies reflects the culture in other disciplines, which is an unavoidable result of the need for greater intercultural awareness in the world. It gives people a chance to understand more about the complexities of textual transfer, about what happens to texts as they move into new contexts, and the rapidly changing patterns of cultural interaction in the world where people inhabit. Lastly, the definition of translation in general dictionary, is defined as: 1 the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language 2 a text of work that has been changed from one language into another Oxford Advanced Learne r’s Dictionary. However, all of those definitions of translation above which is say that translation must deal with two or more different languages can be categorized into, according to Jakobson in Bassnett, 2002:23, interlingual translation that will be explained in the following discussion

b. Types of Translation

Roman Jakobson in his seminar paper ‘On linguistic aspects of translat ion’ cited in Bassnett 2002:23, distinguishes three types of translation: 1 Intralingual Translation which is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. 2 Interlingual Translation which is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language. 3 Intersemiotic Translation which is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems Firstly, intralingual translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. It occurs when an expression or text are rephrased in the same language in order to explain or clarify something said or written. In addition, interlingual translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other languages, for example, English into Bahasa Indonesia. Thirdly, intersemiotic translation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of