Figure 3.1 A Modified
Kurt Lewin’s Classroom Action Research Design
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To make them clear about what happens in each phase, below is the explanation
about each phase:
1. Planning Phase
In the beginning, after identifying and diagnosing students’ writing problems
occurred in the class proven by interviewing the teacher, observing the class, and conducting the test, some plans related to how to solve the problems in the
classroom were made. The plans in this planning phase included designing lesson plan, determining technique, preparing materials and media, and determining
criteria of success. The organized planning was formed into lesson plan which was, then,
implemented to the students. Post-action tests were also prepared in order to know whether there were
some improvements on the students’ score achievement from each test.
2. Acting Phase
This phase was the implementation of planning phase contents. In this phase, the lesson plan made was implemented. In the first meeting, pre-action test was
conducted to know students’ writing skills before teacher indirect feedback was
implemented. Besides of that, it was also used to analyse the average number of
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M. Djunaidi Ghony, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Malang: UIN-Malang Press, 2008, p. 64.
Observing Planning
Reflecting Cycle
Acting
words students could produce. Moreover, after the average number of words had been counted, then the range number of words students should be produced in the
next tests were standardised. In each cycle, three meetings were needed. The first cycle was conducted to
deliver some materials needing achieving. Then, the second meeting was used to conduct the tests. After the data had been collected, then feedback was given on
students’ paper. Lastly, the third meeting was used to revise their writing that teacher had put feedback on.
3. Observing Phase
In this phase, observation toward implementation of the action was carried out by using observation sheets and observation journals. In this phase, the data derived
from evaluation or post-action tests were also collected in order to know the changes made by the implementation of the action toward the subject of the
research.
4. Reflecting Phase
