D. Researcher’s Role in the Research
In this research, the role of researcher was not only as the researcher, but also as a lesson planner, a teacher, and a test maker collecting, analysing, and reporting
the results of the study.
E. Instruments of the Research
The instruments of this research were divided into two kinds. The first was non- test instrument including pre-interview guide, observation sheets, observation
journals, and questionnaire sheets. Then, the rest was test.
1. Pre-Interview Guide
The unstructured interview was done before implementing the CAR in order to deeply analyse the problems faced by the teachers and related to the class situation,
students’ achievement, and also students’ and teachers’ attitude toward the teaching and learning process of writing.
2. Observation Sheets
To describe students activities in the classroom while learning discussion text, four main aspects were observed. Those aspects were related to teachers problems
when she taught discussion text. They were students preparation preparing the data needed, diligence, involvement in the learning process, and submission
punctuality. The first aspect, students preparation, considered about whether students
prepared the data needed for their writing. In the end of each meeting, students were asked to find the data related to the next topic in the next meeting. Generally, the
teacher and the writer checked their readiness in the beginning of the class. The second aspect, students diligence, was related to students effort to do their writing.
The effort could be seen when they focused and spent more time doing the tasks, rather than talking to and disturbing others. Moreover, the third aspect, students
involvement in the learning process, was related to whether they are active in the learning process. Asking question, giving ideas, or sharing experience were some
of the indicators in this aspect. The last aspect, submission punctuality, actually took important role in order to give the teacher and the writer opportunity to give
feedback. Thus, students should submit their work in the end of the class. However, in order to give them more chance, the submission could also be done outside the
class, but it was on the same day.
3. Observation Journals
Observation journals were used in order to generally capture the situation in the teaching and learning process and also to add any information which were not
included in the observation sheets. Besides of that, the journal was also used in the reflection process by the end of the cycle. Below is the blueprint of observation
journals.
Table 3.1 Blueprint of Observation Journal
Cycle Meeting
Date Activities
Findings
I I
II III
4. Questionnaire Sheets
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