Aspects Score
Judgement
Mechanics 5
demonstrates mastery of conventions 4
occasional errors of spelling, punctuation 3
frequent errors of spelling, punctuation, capitalization 2
dominated by errors of spelling, punctuation, etc.
In tabulating the score, each aspect in the rubric was counted. Then, to get the mean of students writing score in each test, the formula below was used:
8
Mx = Σx
N Notes:
Mx = mean
�x = individual score
N = number of students
To know the class percentage that could pass the minimum mastery criteria, the formula used was:
9
� = � � Notes:
P = the class percentage
F = total percentage score
N = number of students
H. Trustworthiness
To check the validity of the data, one of triangulation methods was used. Triangulation is a technique in collecting data by combining various techniques in
collecting data in order to check the credibility of data.
10
Thus, as supported by
8
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2011, p. 81
9
Ibid., p. 43.
10
Sugiono, op. cit., p. 330.
Mills, both qualitative and quantitative data may be involved and strengthen each other. To make it simple, triangulation is a mean to support both data as it may
collaborate the strength of each data, besides it may also cover the weaknesses of each data.
11
Moreover, Stainback as cited in Sugiono explains that enhancing a person’s understanding about what she or he is looking for, rather than just learning
the fact of phenomena, is what triangulation for.
12
Among kinds of triangulation, methodological triangulation referring to the use of more than one method for gathering data was applied in order to strengthen the
data since the validity of data is established only if the conclusions from each of the methods reaches the same point. Furthermore, to do this triangulation method, the
data taken from observation and questionnaire was collaborated with the results of the tests.
I. Criteria of Success
To determine the criteria of success in each cycle, the English teacher and also the researcher decided to make requirements that the cycle would be concluded as
success only if both the result of observation was categorised as very good 81 —
100 and the Minimum Mastery Criterion could be passed by, at least, 75 of the students. In conclusion, if one of both aspects had not yet met the requirements,
then the next cycle should be conducted to solve the problems having not yet been solved in the previous cycle.
11
Geoffrey E. Mills, Action Research: A Guide for the Teacher Researcher, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2011, Fourth Edition, p. 93.
12
Sugiono, loc. cit.
28
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents research findings before, during, and after the implementation of classroom action research to improve students discussion text
writing skills through teacher indirect feedback technique and also interpretation of
the results.
A. Research Findings
