Code-switching as One Way To Support English Language Learning Incorrect Code-switching Application as a Barrier in English Language

4. Efficiency

One of the code-switching reason proposed by Kachru and Kamwangamalu 1989 as cited in Ayeomoni, 2006:91 is efficiency. The presence of English terms was more efficient than using the representative Indonesian word which could be a long explanation. For instance the word one night stand, flying fox, bungee jumping, blow dryer which possible to use the translated Indonesian word. Nevertheless, in order to make the utterance more efficient, English term was used.

C. Possible Implications to English Language Learning

After classifying the types of code-switching which occurred in Cita Cinta , Femina and Kartini Indonesian woman magazines and analyzing some possible reasons, the researcher elaborates how code-switching may imply to the English language learning especially to Indonesian English language learners. The implications are based on the theory of the influence of input in second language acquisition Ellis, 2003:45.

1. Code-switching as One Way To Support English Language Learning

Code-switching may prop up learners understanding in a way that it is used in the right grammatical form Ellis, 2003:45. The presence of English terms in the Indonesian woman magazines can develop learners’ store of English vocabulary and expressions. In some cases where the writer put explanation to some English terms might be useful for learners. By reading such kind of magazines, learners will obtain two advantages. First, information and entertainment from the content of the magazines and second, learners PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI unconsciously learn English language. Ayeomoni 2006:94 states that code- switching “correlates positively with the educational attainment of individuals”. Nevertheless, it is crucial that learners are understand that the juxtaposed word is applied grammatically and contextually correct.

2. Incorrect Code-switching Application as a Barrier in English Language

Learning Process. The incorrect form of code-switching application gives the “ungrammatical input” Ellis, 2003:45 to learners. Deleted grammatical features such as be, verb, articles make utterance easily transferred. This, indirectly, will expose learners to wrong implementation of English language. Although code-switching may improve learners vocabulary but it is essential to help them to be aware and critical of the misused English expression in Indonesian context. The following are English expressions that put into Indonesian context which should be well-recognized for teachers as well as learners. a. Ssst.....sesekali hunting baju second di Pasar Senen, Jakarta atau Pasar Gede Bage, Bandung, boleh juga tuh. The underlined word is implemented incorrectly. Hunting in English is considered as noun. However, the above expression shows that hunting is used as a verb in Indonesian context. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI b. ..., bulan madu itu penting sebagai refreshing setelah pesta pernikahan yang melelahkan,” sambung Romeo The right expression should be refreshment. Sebagai in Indonesian language or as in English language is normally followed by noun. Refreshing can be correct if it is followed by noun for instance time and moment. c. era global There were some English adjective phrases which were implemented in Indonesian context. The correct phrase should be global era. Other examples of English phrases which put into Indonesian context can be analyze through table 4.20. Table 4. 20 Table of English phrases which implemented to Indonesian context English construction Correction tank top motif leopard leopard motif tank top image prince charming prince charming image shelter busway busway shelter pink cream inner blush on pink inner blush on cream cream inner blush on inner blush on cream voucher facial treatment facial treatment voucher eye shadow nude nude eye shadow d. “Sorry, ponselku low batt,”jawab Panji. The underlined phrase is incorrect. Low batt is a false English phrase since there is no batt word in English. One possible reason is that it is often misused by Indonesian to indicate low battery. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI e. Pementasan musik History of a Journey A Music for Love karya Yusup Oeblet nada sambung terpadu 11 Maret, pukul 20.00 4 th Femina Magazine, page 19 The underlined construction is grammatically wrong. It actually consists of two phrases which should be separated by a comma or conjunction and to make meaning clear. Nevertheless, the writer put it in one construction. f. SWEET MEMORABLE, GREAT EXPERIENCE 1st Femina Magazine, page 111 The phrase sweet memorable is grammatically wrong. Both words are adjectives which should be followed by noun. The construction will be correct if comma is added or the writer put another noun to follow the phrase. g. Buruan speak Up Bikin Cupid give up 2nd Cita Cinta Magazine, page 37 The underlined construction is grammatically wrong. The word cupid is a singular subject. Therefore, the verb follows should be in –s-es form. The capital letter U should not also exist in the middle of the sentence. The correct phrase is Buruan speak up Bikin Cupid gives up h. BUY2GET 502ND BOX 2 nd Cita Cinta Magazine, page 29 The shortened construction will create confusion to readers. Its actual sentence is if you buy two items, you will get 50 percent discount for the second box. However, a full sentence will probably not as attractive as the shortened one especially in advertisement. The researcher also found some English words which should be considered as two words but they were joined as one word in some articles of the magazines. Other English words which should be put as one were, in the contrary, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI written separately. The corrections were based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 2001. Table 4.21 Table of Wrong Code-switching Constructions and Its Corrections Wrong Code-switching Construction Correction Talkshow talk show Lipgloss lip gloss hang out hangout lay out layout make over makeover Bodysuit body suit Banknotes bank note Other phenomena which probably took place incidentally were English words which were miss-typed. Some words were mistakenly typed which might make meaning different from the intended meaning. Moreover, the construction became meaningless. Table 4.22 Table of Miss-typed English Words English construction Correction Ski jumping Sky jumping Hydrating complek Hydrating complex Anti Shine Power Anti Shine Powder cut, color, clariy, carat Cut, color, clarity, carat It becomes English language teachers’ job to prevent “…the demerits from the adversely affecting the language acquisition process…” Ayeomoni, 2006:94. Teachers can provide learners with the ungrammatical or uncontextual used of English in the magazines to be analyzed in class. This kind of real proof will help students to understand the correct form of the misused and at last students understand the positive and negative side of code-switching phenomena. Both English language teachers and learners should respect the new language they learn and therefore minimize the language raping.

D. Other Findings