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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter illuminates the process of gathering and analyzing the data. The discussion consists of seven subdivisions, namely research method, source of
data, research instruments, data gathering techniques, data analysis techniques, and research procedures.
A. Research Method
As has been mentioned in the problem formulation, the study was to investigate to find out three major problems. First, the aim of the study was to
identify what types of code-switching are found in Indonesian woman magazines. The second aim was to elaborate the possible reasons of code-switching found in
Indonesian woman magazines. The third aim was to analyze the possible implications of code-switching in Indonesian woman magazines towards English
language learning in Indonesia. To achieve the goal of the study mentioned above, the researcher
employed a descriptive study. According to Fraenkel and Wallen 1993: 11, descriptive study describes something as it is. In other words, the researcher does
not have any control to manipulate what already existed. In the descriptive study, the form of data can be qualitative—in verbal
symbols—or quantitative—in mathematical symbols Dalen, Deobold D. Van, 1973: 195. In this study, qualitative data is employed.
21 Since, qualitative research is basically interpretive, the researcher made an
interpretation of the data through narrative description. Furthermore, it includes analyzing data to their theme or category and at the last stage drawing conclusions
about the interpretation personally as well as theoretically Wolcott: 1994 as cited in Creswell, 2003: 182.
According to Hoepfl 1997:12 another source of data which is invaluable to qualitative research is document analysis since “ it might include official
records, letters, newspaper account, diaries, and reports, as well as the published data used in a review of literature.” For that reason, the researcher used document
analysis to answer the first question as it would describe the data in the best way. To answer the second and third question, the researcher used library study. The
researcher analyzed some written sources to identify the possible reasons and implications to English language learning.
B. Research Data Source
The data of the study were taken from three representative Indonesian woman magazines Femina, Kartini and Cita Cinta. This method of selecting
appropriate sample was purposive sampling. According to Leedy and Omrod 2005: 145 the sample being chosen were not random. Instead the samples were
those which “yield the most information about the topic under investigation” Leedy and Omrod, 2005: 145. The researcher decided to take a one-month
sample for each magazine considering the time efficiency and to get the adequate data. The researcher took four series of Femina Magazine since it is a weekly
22 magazine and 2 series of each of Kartini Magazine and Cita Cinta Magazine
because both were biweekly magazines. All the magazines were in the one-month time range from7 February to 11 March of 2009.
1. Femina Magazine
Femina Magazine was one of popular Indonesian woman magazines. It was published once in a week by PT Grafika Multi Warna. This magazine served
various kinds of rubrics for Indonesian young woman. The samples being studied were: No. 6 XXXVII 7 to 13 February 2009, No. 7 XXXVII 14 to 20 February
2009, No. 8 XXXVII 21 to 27 February 2009 and No. 10 XXXVII 7 to 13 March 2009.
2. Kartini Magazine
Kartini Magazine was one of popular Indonesian woman magazines. It was published twice a month by PT Ghalia Indonesia. The samples being studied
were No. 2237 5 to 19 February 2009 and No. 2238 19 February to 5 March 2009.
3. Cita Cinta Magazine
Cita Cinta Magazine was one of popular Indonesian woman magazines. It was published twice in a month by Bina Favorit Press. This magazine served
various kinds of rubrics for Indonesian young woman. The samples being studied were No. 04 X 11 to 25 February 2009 and No. 05 X 25 February to 11 March
2009. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
23 The researcher also classified the data from each magazine into four kinds
of data category namely news, opinion, feature, advertisement and fiction. By doing so, the researcher obtained a more various analysis.
News is “information that is published in newspapers and broadcast on radio and television about recent events in the country or world or in a particular
area of activity” Sinclair: 2001. In this research, a piece of writing was a news in a magazine when it was consists of some parts of 5W + 1H what, where, when,
why and how to report an activity or events. Opinion is advice or judgment of a subject one knows a lot Sinclair:
2001. In this study, opinion was a piece of writing in a magazine which consisted of one’s opinion about issues or daily life topics.
A feature is a special article in a newspaper or magazine, or a special programme on radio or television Sinclair: 2001. In this study, a feature was a
piece of writing in a magazine which dealt with profile of people, special articles such as fashion and food recipe.
An advertisement is an announcement in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster about something such as a product, event, or job Sinclair: 2001. In
this study, advertisements were announcement of events, school programs and products.
Fiction is books and stories about imaginary people and events Sinclair: 2001. In this study, fiction was short stories.
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C. Research Instruments
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