17 basic form. The fourth is foreigner talk that sometimes lengthens the expression to
make meaning clearer. Hence, teachers’ understanding and awareness towards code-switching
which can both support and hinder learning are therefore important in language learning process. For language teachers are the those who are in charge to help the
development of learning, wise consideration of language use must be taken into account.
B. Theoretical Framework
Based on the theoretical description, the researcher wraps up the appropriate theories to accomplish the objectives of the study. Therefore, the
researcher uses the types of code-switching according to McCormick 1994:581, 2 reasons of code-switching as proposed by Poedjosoedarmo 1975 in
Lumintaintang: 2003, one reason by Crystal 1987 and one reason by Kachru and Kamwangamalu 1989 as cited in Ayeomoni, 2006:91 and the role of input
in Second Language Acquisition according to Ellis 1997. First, according to McCormick 1994:581, there are nine scope of terms
used to designate types of code juxtaposition. The researcher decided to refer to 6 adopted terms namely diglossic code-switching, single-word code-switching,
phrase code-switching, clause code-switching, whole sentence code-switching and integrated loanwords code-switching. Situational and metaphorical code-
switching, were excluded since those types normally exist in oral communication. Those six types were considered the most appropriate terms to explain the data
being investigated. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
18 Second, there are four possible reasons which will be used to explain the
code-switching phenomenon in Indonesian woman magazines. Poedjosoedarmo 1975 in Lumintaintang: 2003 proposed the topic under discussion and the
speaker quotes sentences as two of the eight reasons. The topic may affect the language use. Terms from particular original language do not always have the
exact representative translation in another language. In order to avoid misconception, original terms of specific topic are maintained.
The second reason, the writer adapted the speaker quotes sentences into the writer quotes others’ expression
since this study mostly dealt with document analysis in which the writer tries to interpret the meaning of written expression.
Quoting others’ English expression is one way to maintain the sense of the expression. Target language may be possible to replace the quotation.
Nevertheless, to sustain the meaning and avoid misunderstanding, quotation in the original language is preserved.
Third, according to Ellis 1997: 45 input has a big role in second language acquisition. The role of input can be identified through input modifications in the
study of foreigner talk. Foreigner talk refers to “the language that native speakers use when addressing non-native speakers” Ellis, 1997: 45. Two types of
foreigner talk are identified: ungrammatical foreigner talk and grammatical foreigner talk.
The deletion of some grammatical features will make second language learners understand message easily. Nonetheless, it may obstruct learning.
Learners may imitate the ungrammatical utterance and unconsciously learn the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
19 incorrect form. The second type, grammatical foreigner talk, may support
language acquisition. As it is proposed by Krashen as cited in Ellis, 1997: 45 that second language acquisition happens when a learner grasp the grammatically
correct input that is transferred. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
20
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter illuminates the process of gathering and analyzing the data. The discussion consists of seven subdivisions, namely research method, source of
data, research instruments, data gathering techniques, data analysis techniques, and research procedures.
A. Research Method
As has been mentioned in the problem formulation, the study was to investigate to find out three major problems. First, the aim of the study was to
identify what types of code-switching are found in Indonesian woman magazines. The second aim was to elaborate the possible reasons of code-switching found in
Indonesian woman magazines. The third aim was to analyze the possible implications of code-switching in Indonesian woman magazines towards English
language learning in Indonesia. To achieve the goal of the study mentioned above, the researcher
employed a descriptive study. According to Fraenkel and Wallen 1993: 11, descriptive study describes something as it is. In other words, the researcher does
not have any control to manipulate what already existed. In the descriptive study, the form of data can be qualitative—in verbal
symbols—or quantitative—in mathematical symbols Dalen, Deobold D. Van, 1973: 195. In this study, qualitative data is employed.
