Vowel ʊ English Sound Production

25 3 Low Front Unrounded Vowel [ æ] This sound is pronounced when the mouth is slightly more open than for [e]; the front of the tongue is raised just below the half-open position, with the side rims making a very slight contact with the back upper molars; the lips are neutrally open Indriani 2005, p. 62. For example, sat [sæt], hand [hænd], and lamp [læmp]. 4 Low Front Unrounded Vowel [ʌ] This sound is articulated with a considerable separation of the jaws and with the lips neutrally open; the centre of the tongue is raised just above the fully open position, no contact being made between the tongue and the upper molars Indriani 2005, p. 63. For example, sun [sʌn], cut [kʌt], and hut [hʌt]. 5 Low Back Rounded Vowel [ a:] and [ ] Low back rounded vowels include [a:] and [ ]. [a:] sound is articulated with a considerable separation of the jaws and the lips neutrally open; a part of the tongue between the centre and the back is in the fully open position; no contact being made between the rims of the tongue and the upper molars Indriani 2005, p. 65. For example, pass [pa:s], after [a:ft ə], and bath [ba:ө]. Meanwhile, [ ] sound is produced with wide open jaws and slight, open lip-rounding; the back of the tongue is in the fully open position, no contact being made between the tongue and the upper molars Indriani 2005, p. 67. For example, dog [d g], song [s ŋ], and long [l ŋ]. 26 6 Mid Back Rounded Vowel [ ᴐ:] This sound is articulated with medium lip-rounding; the back of the tongue is raised between the half-open and half-close positions, no contact being made between the tongue and the upper molars Indriani, 2005, p. 68. For example, cord [k ᴐ:d], horse [hᴐ:s], and corn [kᴐ:n]. 7 High Back Rounded Vowels [ʊ] and [

u:]

High back rounded vowels are [ʊ] and [u:]. [ʊ] sound is produced with a part of the tongue nearer to centre than to back raised just above the half-close position; the tongue is laxly held, no firm contact being made between the tongue and the upper molars Indriani 2005, p. 69. For example, put [pʊt], full [fʊl], and sugar [ʃʊg ə]. Therefore, [u:] sound is pronounced when the tongue raising is relaxed from the closest position and is somewhat advanced from true back; the articulation of [u:] being tense though no firm contact is made between the tongue and the upper molars; the lips tend to be closely rounded Indriani 2005, p. 71. For example, food [fu:d], soon [su:n], and moon [mu:n]. 8 Central Mid Unrounded Vowels [ :] and [ ə] Central mid unrounded vowels are [ :] and [ ə]. [ :] sound is articulated with the centre of the tongue raised between half-close and half-open, no firm contact being made between the tongue and the upper molars; the lips are neutrally spread Indriani 2005, p. 73. For example, first [f :st], girl [g :l], and bird [b :d]. Meanwhile, [ ə] sound has a very high frequency of occurrence in