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[p] and [b] are called plosives or nonnasal, or oral, stops because when we produce these sounds, the air that is blocked in the mouth explodes when the
closure is released Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2003, p. 247. For example,
pig [pɪg] and book [bʊk]. 2
Alveolar Plosives [ t,d]
Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003 explain that these sounds are called plosives or nonnasal, or oral, stops which are produced by blocking the air in the
mouth and exploding when the closure is released p. 247. In addtion he states that based on the place of the articulation, [t] and [d] sounds are called alveolar in
which these sounds are produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the alveolar ridge Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2003, p. 242. For example, time
[taɪm], take [teɪk], and day [deɪ].
3 Velar Plosives [
k,g]
Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003 state that based on the place of the articulation, [k] and [g] sounds are called velar in which these sounds are
produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum p. 243. Meanwhile, based on the manner of the articulation [k] and [g] sounds are called
plosives because these sounds are produced by blocking the air in the mouth and exploding when the closure is released Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2003, p.
247. For example, come [kʌm], close [kloʊz], go [goʊ], and good [gʊd].
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4 Palato-alveolar Affricates [
tʃ,d ʒ]
According to Indriani 2001, based on the place of the articulation [tʃ] and [d
ʒ] sounds are called palato-alveolar because to produce these sounds, the blade, or the tip and blade, of the tongue articulate with the alveolar ridge and there is at
the same time a raising of the front of the tongue towards the hard palate p. 9. For example, choice [tʃ
ᴐɪs], cheap [tʃi:p], joke [d ʒəʊk], and subject [səbdʒekt]. In
addition, Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003 state that based on the manner of the articulation, [tʃ] and [d
ʒ] include as affricates sounds bacause these sounds are produced by a stop closure followed immediately by a gradual release of the
closure that produces an effect characteristic of a fricative p. 248.
5 Labio-dental Fricatives [
f,v]
According to Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003, [f] and [v] sounds are called labiodentals in which to produce these sounds, we have to use our lips by
touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth. Labio refers to lips and dental refers to teeth p. 242. In addition, he states that based on the manner of the articulation,
these sounds are also called fricatives because to produce these sounds, the airflow is so severely obstructed that it causes friction Fromkin, Rodman, and
Hyams, 2000, p. 248. For example, fine [faɪn], after [ :ft ə], love [lʌv], and above
[ əbʌv].
