49
[
əbot]. The combination of the sound [əʊ], and [ɪə] according to Yulia and Ena
2004 did not exist in the Indonesian sound system. This caused the problem for Indonesian speakers to pronounce those kinds of sounds combination. Ur 1999
mentions that a particular sound may not exist in the mother tongue, so that the learner is not used to forming it and therefore tends to substitute the nearest
equivalence he knows.
4. Unpacking
The forth type of sound change was unpacking which refers to the process of separating a single original sound into two sounds. In this research, the
researcher found two examples of unpacking sound change. They were ilustrated as follow.
Table 4. 5 The Words Classified as Unpacking
Types of Sound
Change Words
Oxford Dictionary
Longman Dictionary
Students’ Pronunciation
Unpacking
Because [bɪkɒz]
[bɪkɒz] [bɪkaʊs]
Learn [lɜ:n]
[lɜ:n] [le
ə ʳn]
Crowley 1992 states that unpacking is the change from a single original sound to become a sequence of two sounds with some of the features of the
original sound p. 48. Therefore, the researcher found two examples of unpacking
that happened in the word because [bɪkɒz] [bɪkaʊs] and learn [lɜ:n]
[le ə
ʳn]. In this process the first sound [ɒ] had changed into [aʊ] sound. Sound [ɒ] is a low back rounded vowel. [ɒ] sound was distributed over two sounds [a] which
50
is low back rounded vowel and [ʊ] which is high back rounded vowel. The other example was the word learn. The change happened on the [ɜ] sound which
became [e ə] sound. [ɜ] is a mid front unrounded vowel. It was distributed over
two sounds such as [e] which is a mid front unrounded vowel and [ ə] which is a
mid central vowel. According to Yulia and Ena 2004 the [ɒ] sound did not exist in Indonesian sound system as well as the [ɜ] sound. This caused the difficulties
for Indonesian speakers to pronounce the words and they tend to replace it with more familiar sound.
5. Vowel Breaking
Vowel breaking is known as the process of changing a single vowel into diphthong, with the original vowel remaining the same, but with a glide of some
kind being added either before or after it Crowley, 1992, p. 49. In this research, the researcher found two examples of the vowel breaking process. They were
presented on the table 4.6 below.
Table 4.6 The Words Classified as Vowel Breaking
Types of Sound Change
Words Oxford
Dictionary Longman
Dictionary Students’
Pronunciation Vowel Breaking
Foreign [fɒr
ən] [fɒr
ən] [foreɪn]
Noticed [n
əʊtisd] [n
əʊtisd] [notais]
As mentioned above, the process of vowel breaking was adding a glide
either before or after the original sound. It happened for the word noticed
[n əʊtisd] [notais]. The [i] sound was changed into diphthong [aɪ]. The other
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word foreign was experienced another case. The [ ə] sound was changed into [eɪ]
diphthong in the word foreign [fɒr
ən] [foreɪn]. In this case, Yulia and Ena 2004 say that Indonesian spellings, which are congruent with the pronunciation,
may influence the speakers’ way of pronouncing English word. For instance, the
word foreign was pronounced as [foreɪn] as its spelling indicated. 6.
Assimilation
Assimilation refers to the process of when one sound causes another sound to change so that the two sounds end up bing more similar to each other in some
way Crowley, 1992, p. 49. Furthermore, Crowley 1992, p. 9-56 describes that assimilation contains Palatalization or the change from a non-palatal sound into a
palatal sound, nazalization or the change from non-nasal sound into a nasal sound, and final devoicing or the change of the ending sound from voiced into voiceless.
From this definition, the researcher found two kinds of assimilation in the participants pronunciation. They were palatalization and final devoicing. The
words will be presented on the table 4.7 below.
Table 4.7 The Words Classifies as Assimilation
Types of Sound
Change Words
Oxford Dictionary
Longman Dictionary
Students’ Pronunciation
Ass imil
a tio
n P
a la
ta li
- za
tio n
Pronunciation [pr
ənʌnsɪeɪʃn] [pr
ənʌnsɪeɪʃn] [pronʌnʃeʃən]
F ina
l Dev
o icing
Appears [
əpɪə ʳz]
[ əpɪə
ʳz] [
əpərs] Afraid
[ əfreɪd]
[ əfreɪd]
[ əfreit]
Believe [bɪli:v]
[bɪli:v] [bɪli:f]
Does [dʌz]
[dʌz] [dʌs]
