Abnormal Sound Change The Types of English Sound Change of ELESP Students of Victory
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addition at the end of words, the changing of palatal to alveolar consonants, the changing of interdental to alveolar consonant, the changing of low to mid vowel,
the changing of high to mid vowel, the changing of lax to tense vowel, and the changing of back to front vowel.
First, consonant addition as happened in the word carefully [ke
əfuli:] [kerɪfu:li]. There was the addition of alveolar liquid retroflex [r] sound in the
middle of the word. This happened because the participants were influenced by the Indonesian spelling. For example, the word carefully was pronounced as
[kerɪfu:li] as the spelling indicate. Moreover, every syllable were being stressed resulting the [r] sound occured in the middle of the two vowels.
Second, abnormal change of the word happened in these two words change and changed. The researcher found unusual changing of sounds in the end
of the word. For example, change [ʧeɪnʤ] became [ʧe ŋs] and changed [ʧeɪnʤd]
became [ʧe ŋs]. There were a lot of sounds ommited and changed with unrelated
sound. Yulia and Ena 2004 mention that phonemes occuring in unfamiliar combinations is also problematic. It deals with how the phonemes are strung
together to form a syllable, such as permissible consonant cluster.
Third, syllable reduction at the end of the word. The word influences was
pronounced instead of [ɪnflʊ
ənsɪz], and the word reported was pronounced
[rɪpo ʳt] instead of [rɪpɔ:ʳtɪd].
Yulia and Ena 2004 said that some other errors are attributed to inapropriate analogy. For instance, participants pronounced
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influences as [ɪnflu əns] because of the analogy from influence. Similarly,
reported was pronounced [rɪpo ʳt] as the result of drawing analogy from report.
Fourth, palatal to alveolar consonant change. This happened in two cases;
ʃ to s as in Spanish [spæniʃ] [spenis] and ʤ to d as in individual
[ɪndɪvɪʤʊ əlz] [ɪndɪvɪdʊal]. Both sounds were the same voiceless continuant
consonants. The changes happened because participants do not perceive it as distict sound. They tend to replace the sound with more familiar sound, while on
the other hand, it did influence the meaning. Fifth, interdental to alveolar consonant change. The example of this
change was ð to d as in the word their [ðe
ə ʳ] [deɪʳ]. In this case, Yulia and
Ena 2004 has mentioned that [ð] sound does not exist in Indonesian sound system. This caused the tendency of the participants to replace the sound with the
nearest one exist in their sound system. Sixth, low to mid vowel change. There were two examples in this type of
change. They were the change of [a] to [e] path
[pa:θ] [pet] and [a] to [o] as in
sound [saʊnd] [soʊn]. According Yulia and Ena 2004 [a:] sound does not
exist in Indonesian sound system. This caused the participants to replace it with [e] and [o] as they are exist in Indonesia sound system but unexisted in English
sound system. Seventh, high to mid vowel change. The example was the change of high
front unrounded vowel [ɪ] into mid front unrounded vowel [e] as in the word
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telephone [telɪf
əʊn] [telepon]. This happened because the participants were influenced by the Indonesian spelling which caused the word was pronounced as
it spelled. Eighth, lax to tense vowel change. This included two types of change.
First one was the change of [ɪ] to [e] sound as similarly happened to the example of high to mid change, and second was [ɪ] to [i:] sound as occured in the word if
[ɪf] [i:f], and is [ɪs] [i:s]. The changes happened because participants do not perceive it as distict sound. They tend to replace the sound with more familiar
sound, while on the other hand, it did influence the meaning. Nineth, back to front vowel change. The last type of abnormal sound
change found by the researcher was the change of [a] into [e] sound. The example
can be found in the word France, Spanish, and path. Participants pronounced
them as [frens], [spenɪs], [pet] instead of [fra:nts], [spænɪʃ ], and [pa:θ].
According Yulia and Ena 2004 [a:] sound does not exist in Indonesian sound system. This caused the participants to replace it with [e] sound as it exists in
Indonesian sound system.