v] English Sound Production

19 the same time a raising of the front of the tongue towards the hard palate p. 9. In addition, Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003 state that based on the manner of the articultion, these sounds include as fricative sounds because to produce these sounds, the airflow is so severely obstructed that it causes friction Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2003, p. 248. For example, shop [ʃ p], she [ʃi], and vision [vɪʒn]. 9 Glottal Fricatives [ h] Based on the place of the articulation, the [h] sound includes as glottal sound which is produced when the glottal is open and no other modification of the air stream mechanisms occurs in the mouth Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2003, p. 243. In addition Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003 state that [h] sound include as a fricative sound because to produce this sound, the airflow is so severely obstructed that it causes friction Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2003, p. 248. For example, house [haʊs], who [hu:], and hair [he ə]. 10 Bilabial Nasal [ m] Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003 explain that [m] sound is one of the bilabial sounds because this sound is produced by bringing both lips together p. 242. Meanwhile, based on the manner of the articulation [m] sound includes as a nasal sound. It is because when this sound is produced the velum is not in its raised position, the air escapes through the nose and the mouth Fromkin, 20 Rodman, and Hyams, 2003, p. 246. For example, miss [mɪs], maybe [meɪbi], and simple [sɪmpl]. 11 Alveolar Nasal [ n] According to Fromkin , Rodman, and Hyams 2003, based on the place of the articulation, the [n] sound is an alveolar sound which is articulated by raising the front part of the tongue to the alveolar ridge p. 242. Meanwhile, based on the manner of the articulation, this sound includes as a nasal sound because when this sound is produced the velum is not in its raised position, the air escapes through the nose and the mouth Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2000, p. 246. For example, no [n əʊ], month [mʌnө], coin [kᴐɪn], none [nʌn]. 12 Velar Nasal [ ŋ] Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003 state that based on the place of the articulation, the [ ŋ] sound is a velar sound in which this sound is produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum p. 243. Meanwhile, based on the manner of the articulation, [ ŋ] sound is a nasal sound in which when this sound is produced the velum is not in its raised position, the air escapes through the nose and the mouth Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams, 2003, p. 246. For example, uncle [ʌ ŋkl], thing [өɪŋ], link [lɪŋk], single [sɪŋgl]. 13 Alveolar Lateral [ l] According to Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 2003, based on the place of the articulation, the [n] sound is an alveolar sound which is articulated by raising