53
sentence there is no existence of to be. Nababan also states, “…kehadiran to be is, am, are, was, were wajib hadir dalam kalimat nominal bahasa inggris.”
1999:26. 1. He is my uncle.
2. He is very smart. According to the theory above, the researcher suggests the translation
should have been: Jika benar dia bayiku, namanya Olivia. Based on the examples mentioned above, the translator applies literal
translation by considering the difference found in the structure of the source and the target texts. Each language has its own structure so that the translator needs to
adjust that in the source text into the target text in order to convey the same meaning in the translation and not to confuse the target audience. Elements in the
source text are found in the target text and ordered according to the target text grammatical system. He attempts to make a literal translation which emphasizes
as much closeness to the original as possible.
4.2.1. I.B. Free Translation
A translation is considered free when the linguistic structure of the source language is ignored. The main goal is to seek equivalence in meaning it conveys
in the target language. Catford states, “Free translation is always unbound- equivalencies shut up and down rank scale but tends to be at the higher rank-
sometimes between larger units than the sentence.” 1965:25. In this type of translation, the translator should understand the whole sentence as a unity in a
54
paragraph or all of the texts which will be translated. It provides more emphasis on meaning or message as a whole of the material translated from the SL to the
TL. It shows the content, the idea in the SL to the TL without considering the form or the structure of the SL. A word in SL can be translated into a phrase, a
clause or even a sentence of the TL. Generally, the translator has hisher own way and style when he renders the translation as long as the ideas or the message
remain the same in the target text.
Example 4.3. ST
: Black English Vernacular: How long you had your little girl? Standard American English: How long did you have your little
girl? TT
: Bahasa Indonesia: Berapa umur anakmu? 02400:14:34CLOSI.B
02400:14:34CLTTI.B The example above belongs to free translation since the message is
transferred into different way in target language. The elements that compose the sentence are done freely. It finds the equivalence from the whole unity of the
sentence. The sentence in a question form How long did you have your little girl? is translated into Berapa umur anakmu? instead of Berapa lama kamu mempunyai
anak?. The translator decides to use free translation in a reason that the sentence might confuse the target audience if it is translated using the other two types of
translations.
55
ST Word-for-word translation
Literal translation How long you
had your little girl?
Bagaimana lama kamu mempunyai kepunyaanmu
kecil anak pr? Berapa lama kamu
memiliki anak?
Thus, in taking the decision to use free translation, the translator provides the translation by using different expressions in the TT without changing its
meaning of the original work intended by the source text writer. The words order is different and so is the equivalence of the words but its sentence has the same
message and idea.
Example 4. 4. Another example showing free translation is datum no.107
ST : Black English Dialect: But I dont know she mine.
Standard American English: But I dont know she is mine. TT
: Bahasa Indonesia: Tapi aku tidak yakin. 02800:15:05CLOSI.B
02800:15:05CLTTI.B As explained earlier, the simple present tense emerges without be in BED.
The above example applies free translation since it is clearly seen that the words in the ST, datum number 028, are mostly different from those in the TT.
Especially that in I don’t know if she is mine which is translated into aku tidak yakin. The most important thing of this type of translation is the equivalence of its
meaning in the TT. The translator chose this type of translating since the
56
translation in Bahasa Indonesia aku tidak yakin is related to the previous scene in which the character wants to emphasize that she is not exactly sure whether the
baby is her daughter or not. The last expression seems to be suitable to convey its meaning into the target text. The forms of the ST and the TT are different yet the
meaning has been conveyed well. In the above two examples, the translator applies the free translation by
concerning more attention paid to produce a naturally reading TT than to preserve the ST wording together. As a consequence, free translation is generally more TL-
oriented. The translator attempts to render the meaning of the ST freely but still to keep its message contained in the target text. It might be necessary to change the
words chosen in order to be more accurate and therefore convey the same meaning as the source text word.
4.2.1. I.C. Word-for-word
